1. Contraceptives
The only 100% effective method of not getting pregnant or contracting an STD is ABSTINENCE!!!!
There are two categories:
Barrier: this method blocks the sperm from meeting the egg
Automatic: this method controls the release of hormones to prevent ovulation

2. Contraceptives Male Condom Female Condom Type of Contracep-tion
Description
Failure
Rate
Some Risks
Does this
Protect from
STDs
Convenience
Availability
Male Condom
Sheath of latex placed over the erect penis blocking the passage of sperm
2% when used correctly
15% typical use
Irritation and allergic reaction
yes
Applied immediately before intercourse
Non-prescription
Female Condom
Similar to male condom but closed end has flexible ring that is inserted into vagina
5% when used correctly
21% typical use
Irritation or allergic reaction
Some but not as effective as male condom
Non- prescription

3. Diaphragm Lea’s Shield Cervical Cap Type of Contracep-tion Description
Failure Rate
Some Risks
Does this
Protect from
STDs
Convenience
Availability
Diaphragm
Latex cup that is inserted into vagina and covers cervix; used with spermicide
5% when used correctly and w/ spermicide; 20% typical use
Irritation and allergic reaction, urinary tract infection, risk of TSS No
Inserted before intercourse and left in place for at least 6 hrs; needs addition spermicide
Prescription
Lea’s Shield
Dome-shaped rubber disk w/ valve, covers upper vagina and cervix so sperm can’t reach uterus; used w/ spermicide
5% when used correctly and w/ spermicide; 18% typical use
Skin irritation, spotting, discomfort, urinary tract infection
Inserted before intercourse and left in place for at least 8 hrs; needs additional spermicide
Cervical Cap
Soft rubber cup that fits around the cervix
More effective in women who haven’t given birth before. 9% when used correctly, 20% incorrectly
Irritation and allergic reaction, risk of toxic shock
May be difficult to insert, can remain in place for 48 hrs w/o reapplying spermicide

4. Spermicide The Pill Patch Type of Contracep-tion Description
Failure Rate
Some Risks
Does this
Protect from
STDs
Convenience
Availability
Spermicide
Foams, jellies, creams, tablets, gels, suppositories, or films inserted deep into vagina before intercourse
6% when used correctly w/ other forms of birth control; 29% when used alone
Irritation and allergic reaction, urinary tract infection No
Must be inserted mins before intercourse and left in place at least 6-8 hrs after
Non-prescription
The Pill
Pill containing estrogen and progestin suppresses ovulation. Taken daily
1% when used correctly; 8% typical use
Dizziness, nausea, change in mood, weight gain, increase risk of heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure
Must be taken daily at same time to increase effectiveness
Prescription
Avail in diff forms
Patch
Skin patch worn on body that releases hormones into bloodstream
1% when used correctly; 2% typical use
Similar to pill; not as effective in women over 198lbs
New patch applied every 3 wks, not worn during 4th week so woman can get period.

5. Nuva Ring Depo-Provera Norplant Type of Contracep-tion Description
Failure Rate
Some Risks
Does this
Protect from
STDs
Convenience
Availability
Nuva Ring
Flexible ring inserted into vagina and releases estrogen and progestin
1% when used correctly
Vaginal discharge, vaginitis, irritation, similar to pill No
Remains in vagina for 3 wks then removed for 1 wk. If out for 3hrs, becomes less effective until its in body for 7 continuous days
Prescription
Depo-Provera
Injection that inhibits ovulation and prevents sperm from reaching egg or implanting fertilized egg 1%
Irregular bleeding, weight gain, headaches
One injection every 3 months
Norplant
6 small rods implanted under skin of upper arm, release doses of hormones
Irregular bleeding, weight gain, headaches, difficult to remove
Surgically implanted and removed, effective for up to 5 yrs
Prescription; no longer available due to medical complications

6. IUD Surgery: Female Male Type of Contracep-tion Description
Failure Rate
Some Risks
Does this
Protect from
STDs
Convenience
Availability
IUD
A T-shaped device inserted into uterus and releases hormones 1%
Cramps, bleeding, PID, infertility No
Inserted by physician, can be in body for 1 to10 years
Prescription
Surgery:
Female
Male
Surgery where fallopian tubes are cut or sealed, or blocked
Less than 1%
Pain, bleeding, infection, almost irreversible
One time surgical procedure
Surgery
Surgery to prevent sperm from being ejaculated by cutting vas deferens
Same as female