H/O Pre-war attitudes (see Drift towards World War II handout)

Isolationism Neutrality Act (1935)

Gradual shift toward involvement

Cash and Carry Destroyer Deal Lend-Lease Act (repealed Neutrality Act)

Relations with Japan Japanese fears concerning resources, etc.

Pearl Harbor U.S. Enters War

The Home Front Some important wartime agencies

War Production Board Organized and coordinated industries to make quick, efficient transition to production of war materials. No consumer autos were built during war.

Office of War Information Responsible for maintaining morale – positive propaganda

Office of Price Administration Set prices, rationed goods, fought inflation and black market – assured military needs were met

War Labor Board Settled disputes between business and labor Avoided strikes and maintained morale

Fair Employment Practices Committee Prevented employer discrimination against workers Foundation for the civil rights movement of the 1950s

H/O Conduct of war Two front war for the U.S. Europe first (See War Strategy H/O)

World War II Allies Included Great Britain, Free France, the USSR, and nationalist China.

Conferences Casablanca, Cairo, Teheran: Planned war strategy Yalta: (1945) planned post-war strategies

Postwar Period Service men’s readjustment act of 1944 (GI Bill) The United Nations Organization favored big winners H/O Post-War

The Cold War

The Truman Doctrine Pledged aid to Greece and Turkey Containment policy Intended to keep communism within its original borders

Marshall Plan Offered recovery assistance to all European countries Communist countries declined

Berlin Blockade Soviets block land access U.S. responds by air

NATO Designed to block or contain Communists, especially Soviet, expansion Ignored George Washington’s advice against permanent alliances H/O Cold War

Communist victory in China Nationalists flee to Taiwan Government there recognized as China by the United States and the U.N. until Nixon

Korean War Communist North Korea attacks South Korea, the U.N. responds Armistice terms restore status quo

SEATO Southeast Asia Treaty Organization is the Pacific equivalent to NATO

France, Dien Bien Phu, and our involvement in Vietnam Antiwar demonstrations and Jane Fonda

Hungarian Revolt Soviets crush Hungarian revolution

Aswan Dam Soviets assist Egypt in building the dam U.S. and Britain offered first but withdrew the offer

Suez Canal seizure Egypt takes control, France, Britain and Israel invade, U.S. and Soviets stop them Superpower “diplomacy” at work

Eisenhower Doctrine Offers aid to Middle Eastern countries who feel threatened by communism

U-2 incident U.S. spy plane shot down over Soviet territory

Independence of African nations Civil Wars break out all over

Cuban Revolution Castro takes over, announces communist regime, relations with the U.S. deteriorate

Bay of Pigs Cuban refugees, backed by the United States fail to overthrow Castro

Berlin Wall Soviets seal off East Berlin with physical Wall

Cuban Missile Crisis Soviets attempt to place missiles in Cuba. The U.S. blockades

The “Hotline” Direct link between U.S. and USSR intended to divert nuclear disaster First used during six day war

Nuclear test ban treaty Allowed only underground testing

Outer Space treaty Banned the military bases weapons and weapons tests in outer space

Nuclear nonproliferation treaty Banned the spread of nuclear weapons among signatory nations

1969. Nixon’s visit to China Communist China had already become the U.N. member, now President Nixon’s visit opened new friendly relations with this huge nation

Detente 1972-President Nixon visited Moscow and signed several agreements including the anti-ballistic missile treaty The Cold War eased

The Reagan Revolution The West wins the Cold War The Gorbachev influence The I.N.F. Treaty H/O

1980 Election Issues Debates Hostage crisis

Reagan and Communism Evil Empire Nicaragua Latin America Granada

1988 Election Candidates and issues Bush policies Desert Storm and Middle East policy economics civil rights

William Jefferson Clinton All of this review to present will be done in the classroom