Warm Up- Page 104 What was the Industrial Revolution? Where did it start and WHY? What do you think will happen when England runs out of natural resources? List 3 positives and 3 negatives associated with the Industrial Revolution In your own words what is communism? In your own words what is capitalism? What is the point of labor unions? Who wrote The Communist Manifesto? Who wrote The Wealth of Nations? What is suffrage?

Warm Up- Pg. 108 1. What is imperialism? 2. List the major European countries that were taking over other nations 3. Why did imperialism begin? 4. What was good about imperialism? 5. What was bad about imperialism? 6. What goods did Europeans want?

The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914

1913

Industrialization=Imperialism Industrialization led to an increase need for natural resources and new markets to expand their economies Industrial nations competed to control Africa and Asia in order to secure economic success

What is imperialism ? The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic and social lives of the people of that nation

Africa

Africa before Imperialism Hundreds of ethic and linguistic groups Traditional religious beliefs Small nations- large empires Late 1800’s Europeans only controlled 10% of Africa Steam boat allowed Europeans to drive further inland Africans controlled their own trading networks

Motives Driving Imperialism National Pride- nationalism Economic competition amongst European nations Racism- Social Darwinism Christian Missionaries

Forces Enabling Imperialism European's technical superiority Maxim Gun Steam Engine Railroads and cables Medical Advancements Quinine Local wars

Maxim Gun

African Lands become European Colonies Berlin Conference 1884- any European country could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations and showing they could control the land By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free Industrially produced goods flooded colonial markets and displaced their traditional industries Europeans wanted African resources: peanuts, palm oil, cocoa , rubber, gold and diamonds ( South Africa)

Forms of Imperialism 1. Colonies – A country governed internally by a foreign power 2. Protectorate- A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power 3. Spheres of Influences- An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges Managements- indirect or direct

Management Methods DO NOT WRITE Indirect Control Direct Control Local government officials used Foreign officials brought in Limited self-rule No self-rule Goal- to develop future leaders Goal- Assimilation Government based on European styles but may have local rules Government institution are based only on European Styles Britain and US Other European nations-

African Resistance Alliances, if promised independence With the exception of Ethiopia , almost all resistance movements failed Long, long wars ( 50 years)

Impact of Colonial Rule Positive- reduced local warfare, humanitarian efforts improved hospitals and schools. Railroads, dams, telephone and telegraph lines were made Negative lost control of land and independence New diseases Famines Traditional cultures were destroyed Mines

Muslim lands fall to Imperialist Demands

Arab Power Weakening The Muslim lands that rimmed the Mediterranean had largely been claimed as a result of Arab and Ottoman Conquests. Now Muslim powers were weakening

Before

AFTER                                                            

Why the empire was weakening A series of weak leaders Nationalistic feelings =Greece Europeans wanted its strategic location Military weakness

EGYPT After Napolean failed to win Egypt a new leader emerged; Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali wanted to modernize Egypt Food Crops= Cash Crops=Money Muhammad's grandson. Isma’il supported construction of the Suez Canal

Suez Canal A man made cut though that connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Opened in 1869 with a huge international celebration It saved 2 weeks time and 4,000 miles Project was very expensive ( 450 million dollar debt) for Egypt and soon Britain stepped in to oversea financial control of the canal 1882 Britain controlled Egypt

Warm Up -112 Find your new seats 1. What is imperialism? 2. List 5 motives for imperialism 3. Why was the Suez Canal important? 4. Why did Europeans want Africa and Asia? 5. List 3 negatives and 3 positives for imperialism 6. What is the difference between a colony, a protectorate and a Sphere of Influence

India

Background In the 1600s Britain set up the East India Trading Company At first, the Mughal Dynasty was able to control foreign influences, however, the Mughal Empire was collapsing Mughal Muslims and Indian Hindus did not get along

Britain expands Control over India Beginning in 1757, Britain's East India Trading Company became the leading power in India India was important to Britain because of its enormous population ( 300 million) “Jewel in the Crown”- Britain's most important colony Britain ruled India closely. India was only allowed to buy British goods and produce goods for Britain

Impact of colonization Positives Railroad network Modern economy Telephone and telegraph lines Dams, bridges, irrigation Increase in literacy

Impact of colonization Negatives Britain restricted Indian-owned industries Cash crops reduced food production, causing famine Racists attitudes

India Rebels By 1850 the British controlled most of the Indian subcontinent and many Indians were unhappy People felt the British were trying to convert them to Christianity Some rebellions were militaristic and others were intellectual

Indians Rebel- Sepoy Rebellion As economic problems arose, nationalistic feelings increased. In 1857 rumors started that the British were starting to coat their bullets with beef and pork fat In May 1857, Sepoys, or Indian soldiers rebelled Fierce fighting erupted, however, Indians were never able to unite and defeat the British Britain tighten up its control over India

Indians Rebel-Modernization Early 1800 Indians began to demand more modernization and more independence Leader= Ram Mohum Roy- “ Father of Modern India” No widow suicide No caste system

Raja Ram Mohun Roy Bahadoor

Indian’s Rebel Nationalistic feelings increased 2 nationalist groups formed 1. Indian National Congress in 1885 2. Muslim League in 1906 These groups rebelled, however, they were still not able to take over Britain continued to rule India till 1947

South East Asia

Dutch East India Company- Again In the early 1800s the Dutch East India Company established control over most of the 3,000 mile long chain of Indonesian Islands Other European countries seeing the wealth of these islands began to fight of control WHY= sugar cane, coffee, cocoa, rubber, coconuts, bananas and pineapples

Dutch East Trading Company

The French France controlled North Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia

China

China Resists Foreign Influence Historically China looked down on foreigners In 1793, the Qing Dynasty agreed to a English ambassador However, China was not interested in the “strange gadgets” from the West China remained Self-Sufficient

China and Trading China exported more than they imported Britain wanted to find a product China would buy Product=Opium Opium War- China lost and lost Hong Kong to Britain

Opium

Internal Problems Increase Population Increased and food production remained the same Flooding Opium addiction increased China tried to reform and uprisings began China’s weak military technology and its economic problems increased and Europeans stepped in and slowly began to control some of China’s trading polices

Boxer Rebellion Widespread frustration finally erupted Poor peasants and workers were called Boxers Boxer Rebellion In 1900 the Boxers descended on Beijing shouting “ Death to the foreign devils” Soldiers from Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan and US step in and defeated the boxers China remained resistant to European ways , however, they opened up enough to try to reform the country

Japan

Japan Modernizes In the 1600s Japan isolated themselves from almost all contact with other nations Peace and relative prosperity reigned for two centuries

Japan Modernizes In the early 19th century , Westerners began trying to convince the Japanese to open their ports Japan at first was not wiling to open up Treaty of Kanagwa 1854- opened 2 ports to US

Japan accepts many Western Ideas German’s strong central government British Navy American schools

Japanese Imperialism Grows Wanted to become an empire Taiwan Manchuria Korea