24 World War Looms 1 2 3 4 Dictators Threaten World Peace CHAPTER 24 World War Looms Overview Time Lines 1 Dictators Threaten World Peace SECTION 2 War in Europe SECTION 3 SECTION The Holocaust 4 America Moves Toward War SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, August 24, 1939 CHAPTER 24 World War Looms HOME “This nation will remain a neutral nation, but I cannot ask that every American remain neutral in thought as well.” President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, August 24, 1939 THEMES IN CHAPTER 24 Cultural Diversity Science and Technology Immigration and Migration Constitutional Concerns

24 World War Looms What do you know? CHAPTER 24 World War Looms HOME What do you know? • What do you already know about World War II? Have you ever discussed World War II with someone who lived through it? If so, what did he or she say? • What do you know about dictators in the Soviet Union, Italy, Germany, and Japan? How do you think they attained power? • What do you already know about the Holocaust? How have you seen it portrayed in movies, books, and television?

24 Time Line The United States CHAPTER 24 Time Line HOME The United States 1935 Congress passes the first Neutrality Act. 1937 President Roosevelt delivers his anti- isolationist “quarantine” speech. 1941 The United States enters the war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. President Roosevelt signs the Lend- Lease Act, and U.S. industry begins mass production of war materiél.

24 Time Line The World 1931 Japan invades Manchuria. CHAPTER 24 Time Line HOME The World 1931 Japan invades Manchuria. 1933 Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany. 1935 Mussolini invades Ethiopia. 1936 The Spanish Civil War begins. Germany occupies the Rhineland. 1937 Japan invades China. 1938 Germany annexes Austria. 1939 Germany invades Poland, starting World War II. The Nazis begin to convert labor camps into extermination camps. 1940 Britain and Germany fight the Battle of Britain. Japan, Germany, and Italy sign pact. 1941 Germany invades the Soviet Union. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.

Dictators Threaten World Peace SECTION 1 Dictators Threaten World Peace HOME Learn About the rise of totalitarian dictatorships in Europe and Asia. To Understand the challenge they posed to the U.S. policy of neutrality.

Dictators Threaten World Peace SECTION 1 Dictators Threaten World Peace HOME Key Idea The United States remains isolated from world affairs as economic and political factors lead to the rise of nationalist leaders in the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy.

Dictators Threaten World Peace SECTION 1 Dictators Threaten World Peace HOME Section 1 Assessment SUMMARIZING What were the main ambitions of European dictators Stalin, Mussolini, and Hitler? Ambitions of European Dictators Stalin Mussolini Hitler To create a model Communist state and to transform the Soviet Union into a great industrial power To make Italy a great world power To unite the German “master race” into an empire destined to rule the world

Dictators Threaten World Peace SECTION 1 Dictators Threaten World Peace HOME Section 1 Assessment How did the Treaty of Versailles sow the seeds of instability in Europe? ANALYZING CAUSES effects of the treaty on Germany and the Soviet Union effects of the treaty on national pride the economic legacy of World War I THINK ABOUT

Dictators Threaten World Peace SECTION 1 Dictators Threaten World Peace HOME Section 1 Assessment Why do you think Hitler found widespread support among the German people? ANALYZING MOTIVES Germans’ postwar resentment and bitterness Germany’s economic situation before Hitler’s rise to power the appeal of Hitler’s Nazi beliefs THINK ABOUT

2 War in Europe Learn About SECTION 2 War in Europe HOME Learn About the weak response of world leaders to Hitler’s aggressive moves in the late 1930s. To Understand how Germany started World War II.

SECTION 2 War in Europe HOME Key Idea A series of bold moves by Adolf Hitler—and weak countermoves by other leaders—triggers World War II in Europe.

2 War in Europe 2 Section Assessment HOME Section 2 Assessment FOLLOWING CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER In what sequence did the following events occur: Germany’s invasion of Poland, Hitler’s annexation of Austria, signing of the nonaggression pact, signing of the Munich Pact? EVENT 2 EVENT 4 signing of the Munich Pact Germany’s invasion of Poland Hitler’s annexation of Austria signing of the nonaggression pact EVENT 1 EVENT 3

2 War in Europe 2 Section Assessment HOME Section 2 Assessment To what extent do you think lies and deception played a role in Hitler’s tactics? SYNTHESIZING William Shirer’s diary entry about headlines in the Nazi newspapers Soviet-German relations Hitler’s justifications for military aggression THINK ABOUT

2 War in Europe 2 Section Assessment HOME Section 2 Assessment If you had been a member of the British House of Commons in 1938, would you have voted for or against the Munich Pact? MAKING DECISIONS Hitler’s credibility the British public’s fear of being involved in another war Churchill’s opinion of the appeasement policy THINK ABOUT

3 The Holocaust Learn About SECTION 3 The Holocaust HOME Learn About Hitler’s plans for the German “master race”. To Understand the fate of Jews and other “enemies” of the Third Reich.

SECTION 3 The Holocaust HOME Key Idea Hitler’s plans for conquering the world include the killing of Jews and other ethnic groups, which is carried out with frightening determination and success.

3 The Holocaust 33 Section Assessment HOME Section 33 Assessment What were at least four events that led to the Holocaust? ANALYZING CAUSES CAUSES EFFECT The Holocaust the removal of non-Aryans from government jobs Nuremberg Laws stripping Jews of their civil rights and property Kristallnacht—Nazi storm troopers’ attack on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues “final solution”—systematic genocide of Jews, gypsies, and other groups that Nazis considered “subhuman”

3 The Holocaust 33 Section Assessment HOME Section 33 Assessment Do you think that the United States was justified in not allowing more Jewish refugees to emigrate? Why or why not? SUPPORTING OPINIONS the views of isolationists in the United States some Americans’ prejudices and fears the incident on the German luxury liner, St. Louis THINK ABOUT

3 The Holocaust 3 Section Assessment HOME Section 3 Assessment Why do you think the Nazi program of systematic genocide was so brutally effective? DEVELOPING HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE the long German history of anti-Semitism the secrecy and lies told by the Nazis the scope and organization of the Nazis’ genocidal plans THINK ABOUT

America Moves Toward War SECTION 4 America Moves Toward War HOME Learn About the American response to aggression in Europe and Asia. To Understand how the United States entered World War II.

America Moves Toward War SECTION 4 America Moves Toward War HOME Key Idea The United States provides aid to nations resisting Hitler and enters World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

America Moves Toward War SECTION 4 America Moves Toward War HOME Section 4 Assessment What were some of the key events that led to the U.S. entry into World War II? SUMMARIZING March 1941 August 1941 Congress passes Lend-Lease Act. Roosevelt and Churchill draw up Atlantic Charter. September 1940 June 1941 December 1941 Japan, Germany, and Italy sign the Tripartite Pact. Germany invades Soviet Union; Roosevelt orders U.S. Navy to protect lend-lease shipments. Japan bombs Pearl Harbor.

America Moves Toward War SECTION 4 America Moves Toward War HOME Section 4 Assessment Do you think the the United States should have waited to be attacked before declaring war? FORMING OPINIONS the reputation of the United States the influence of the isolationists the destruction of Pearl Harbor THINK ABOUT

America Moves Toward War SECTION 4 America Moves Toward War HOME Section 4 Assessment Although the U.S. Congress was still unwilling to declare war early in 1941, Churchill told his war cabinet, “We must have patience and trust to the tide which is flowing our way, and to events.” What do you think Churchill meant by this remark? CLARIFYING Roosevelt’s series of “unneutral” steps to assist Great Britain in its war efforts the Atlantic Charter Churchill’s view of Hitler THINK ABOUT

24 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. What were Stalin’s goals and what steps did he take to achieve them? 2. What actions that the League of Nations took revealed its inability to control the aggressive moves of Japan, Germany, and Italy? 3. How did Germany’s and Italy’s involvement affect the outcome of the Spanish Civil War? 4. Why was the blitzkrieg an effective military strategy? 5. What terms of surrender did Hitler demand of French officers after the fall of France in 1940? What was General Charles de Gaulle’s reaction?

24 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. What groups did Nazis deem unfit to belong to the Aryan “master race”? 7. How did some Europeans show their resistance to Nazi persecution of the Jews? 8. Which nations formed the Axis powers? What were the military implications of the Tripartite Pact for the United States? 9. What congressional measures paved the way for the United States entry into World War II? 10. Why did the United States enter World War II?