1. World War Looms, 1931 - 1941 Chapter 24 Sections 1, 2, & 3
Mitten – CSHS
AMAZ History – Semester 2

2. Dictators Threaten World Peace
Failures of the World War I Peace Settlement
Treaty of Versailles causes anger, resentment in Europe
Germany resents blame for war, loss of colonies, border territories
Russia resents loss of land used to create other nations
New democracies flounder under social, economic problems
Dictators rise; driven by nationalism, desire for more territory

3. Nationalism in Europe & Asia
Joseph Stalin transforms Soviet Union
Great Purge – 8 to 13 million killed
Totalitarian
The Rise of Fascism in Europe
Fascism
Benito Mussolini plays on fears of economic collapse, communism
Supported by government officials, police, army
1922 appointed head of government, establishes totalitarian state

4. The Nazis Take Over Germany
Adolf Hitler leader of National Socialist German Workers’ Party
Mein Kampf – basic beliefs of Nazism, based on extreme nationalism
wants to unite German-speaking people, enforce racial “purification”
1932, 6 million unemployed; many join Hitler
Nazi strongest party; Hitler name chancellor
Dismantles Weimar Republic; establishes the Third Reich

5. Militarists in Japan
1931, Nationalist military leaders seize Manchuria
League of Nations condemns action; Japan quits League
Militarists take control of Japanese government
Aggression in Europe and Africa
1933, Hitler quits League; 1935 begins military buildup
1935, League fails to stop Mussolini’s invasion of Ethiopia

6. Civil War in Spain
1936, Gen. Francisco Franco rebels in Spanish republic
Spanish Civil War begins
Hitler, Mussolini back Franco; Stalin aids opposition
Western democracies remain neutral
War leads to Rome-Berlin Axis – alliance between Italy and Germany
1939, Franco wins war, becomes fascist dictator
Spain sits out WWII

7. U.S. Responds Cautiously
Americans Cling to Isolationism
Americans become isolationists; FDR backs away from foreign policy
1935 Neutrality Acts
Neutrality Breaks Down
1937 Japan launches new attack on China; FDR sends aid to China
FDR wants to isolate aggressor nations to stop war

8. War in Europe 24.2
1938, German troops march into Austria unopposed, union complete
Munich Agreement
Appeasement

9. German Offensive Begins
The Soviet Union Declares Neutrality
March 1939, German troops occupy Czechoslovakia
Stalin, Hitler sign nonaggression pact –
sign second, secret pact agreeing to divide Poland between them
Blitzkrieg in Poland
Sept. 1939, Hitler overruns Poland in blitzkrieg, lightning war
France, Britain declare war on Germany; World War II begins

10. France & Britain Fall of France
German army goes through Ardennes, bypassing French, British
British, French trapped at Dunkirk
1940, Italy invades France from south; Germans take Paris – France falls
The Battle of Britain
Summer 1940, Germany plans to invade Britain
Battle of Britain –

11. The Holocaust – 24.3 Persecution Begins
Jews targeted – Europe has a long history of anti-Semitism
Holocaust – murder of 11 million people, more than half are Jews
Kristallnacht –

12. Hitler's Final Solution
The Condemned
Hitler’s Final Solution – slavery, genocide of “inferior” groups
Genocide – deliberate, systematic killing of an entire population
Target Jews, gypsies, freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, unfit Germans
Forced Relocation
Jews forced into ghettos, segregated areas in Polish cities

13. Final Solution Concentration Camps Mass Exterminations The Survivors
Some survive concentration camps - survivors forever changed by experience