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Revolutions Standard 10.2.5 European Nationalism from Napoleon until the Revolutions of 1848 Standard Objective – Discuss how nationalism spread across Europe with Napoleon but was repressed for a generation under the Congress of Vienna and Concert of Europe until the Revolutions of 1848.

Vocabulary Congress: an assembly/conference Concert: mutual agreement

Napoleon After Napoleon Bonaparte seized control of France in 1799, he went on to expand his power across the continent. Nationalism

Napoleon By 1815 however, Napoleon’s empire would be in ruins. Nationalism Napoleon By 1815 however, Napoleon’s empire would be in ruins. The survival of Great Britain & nationalism are the main reasons for the quick collapse of Napoleon’s empire.

You Must Remember This! Question – What were the two main reasons why Napoleon was defeated? Answer – The two main reasons Napoleon was defeated were the survival of Great Britain & the force of Nationalism.

Napoleon Also, many of the lands Napoleon conquered rumbled with nationalism –loyalty to their own nations & people above all. Nationalism

Napoleon The French spread & aroused nationalism in two ways: French were hated as oppressors; French nationalism- French were proud of their success!

You Must Remember This! Question – How did the French help spread nationalism? Answer – The French would help spread nationalism because they were hated as oppressors and they showed what a nation in arms could do.

Congress of Vienna 1814-1815 What & Why: A series of international meetings to secure peace across Europe after Napoleon’s defeat Nationalism

You Must Remember This! Question –What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna? Answer – The main goal of the Congress of Vienna was to secure peace across Europe.

Congress of Vienna Who: King Frederick William of Prussia Czar Alexander I of Russia Emperor Francis I of Austria foreign ministers of Britain and France. Nationalism

Congress of Vienna Countries around France were made stronger to weaken France and provide a balance of power across Europe. A balance of military & political power could keep one country from dominating Europe. Nationalism

Congress of Vienna Monarchies that had been dethroned under Napoleon were restored and their legitimacy – hereditary right to rule – was proclaimed in France & elsewhere. Metternich believed this would help bring peace & stability back to Europe. Nationalism

You Must Remember This! Question – What were the three major accomplishments/goals of Metternich at the Congress of Vienna? Answer – The three major accomplishments of Metternich at the Congress of Vienna were France was weakened, a balance of power was created, and monarchs were restored to power.

Concert of Europe, 1820-1853 What & Why: An international alliance that met when peacekeeping issues arose Nationalism

Concert of Europe Who: the “Holy Alliance” leaders of Russia, Austria, & Prussia, led by Klemens von Metternich Royal rulers promised to help each other in the event of revolution.

Concert of Europe Most of the great powers eventually adopted the principle of intervention: countries had a right to intervene where revolutions were threatening monarchies. Austria, Prussia, Russia, & France did crush revolutions & restore monarchies. (vid. Start at 9:30).

Nationalism Nationalism has been one of the driving forces of modern history Nationalism

Standard Summary The Congress of Vienna was able to create a balance of power in Europe by surrounding France with strong countries. After Napoleon’s defeat, former royalty were returned to power in most of Europe, primarily as a result of the Congress of Vienna. Nationalism was held back by monarchies & aristocratic rule until the Revolutions of 1848. Required readings: 238-241, 253-263