LANGNET, The Finnish Graduate School in Language Studies Representations of Lapland in French travel literature – The translator as the mediator of Otherness Merja Torvinen University of Oulu, Finland PhD Seminar: Contrasting Translation Theories and Methodologies Tallinn, Estonia, 20–22 April 2009

LANGNET, The Finnish Graduate School in Language Studies Contents  Research questions  Research material  Theoretical framework  Research methods  Some results

LANGNET, The Finnish Graduate School in Language Studies Research questions  The image of Lapland in historical French travel accounts and their modern Finnish translations roles, attitudes, discourses translation strategy, ideology in translation

LANGNET, The Finnish Graduate School in Language Studies Research material  Jean-François Regnard: Voyage de Laponie (1731)  Réginald Outhier: Journal d’un voyage au Nord en 1736 & 1737 (1744)  Xavier Marmier: Relation du voyage (1842)  Translator: Marja Itkonen-Kaila  Retki Lappiin (1982)  Matka Pohjan perille 1736–1737  Pohjoinen maa luvun Lappia ja Suomea ranskalaisen silmin (1999)

LANGNET, The Finnish Graduate School in Language Studies Theoretical framework  critical text linguistics systemic functional grammar discourse analysis  translation studies Venutian approach sociology of translation (or sociology of translators, Pym 2004)

LANGNET, The Finnish Graduate School in Language Studies Research methods  discourse analysis: themes and discourses  functional analysis: roles and processes (modality)  translation analysis: interview with the translator: identifying translation strategy, contextualising the TTs contrastive analysis on functional and semantic level

LANGNET, The Finnish Graduate School in Language Studies Some results: main clauses Source texts FRMarmierOuthierRegnard MAIN CLAUSES Material Mental Verbal Relational Existential Behavioral Total: Target texts FIMarmierOuthierRegnard MAIN CLAUSES Material Mental Verbal Relational Existential Behavioral Total:

LANGNET, The Finnish Graduate School in Language Studies Some results: subordinate clauses Kohdeteksti FIMarmierOuthierRegnard SUBORDINATE CLAUSES Material Mental Verbal Relational Existential71312 Behavioral356 Yhteensä: Source texts FRMarmierOuthierRegnard SUBORDINATE CLAUSES Material Mental Verbal Relational Existential51612 Behavioral959 Yhteensä:

LANGNET, The Finnish Graduate School in Language Studies Some results: texts as wholes Source texts FRMarmierOuthierRegnard PROCESSES material52,91 %53,63 %49,02 % mental14,04 %7,75 %13,84 % verbal5,48 %5,54 %5,36 % relational20,03 %26,32 %27,41 % existential2,57 %4,43 %2,05 % behavioral4,97 %2,34 %2,23 % Target texts FIMarmierOuthierRegnard PROCESSES material53,71 %56,07 %50,63 % mental15,16 %8,87 %16,00 % verbal6,29 %5,73 %6,05 % relational15,00 %21,56 %21,85 % existential5,48 %6,28 %2,44 % behavioral4,35 %1,50 %3,02 %