2.  Rationale and Introduction  Literature Review  Methodology / Text Analysis (for translation and interpretation section only)  Data Analysis  Conclusion

3. 1. Translation - Translation work with analysis of the translated text - you don’t need to translate the whole text, just enough of it to get the whole picture and sufficient data for analysis 2. Comparative Study - Analysis of chosen translated text(s) using certain conceptual frameworks.

4.  1. Pick appropriate text › well-written/translated, clear, interesting  E.g. fictions, plays, documentaries, films or animations  2. Pick an issue you’d like to study about › Translational phenomena  E.g. metaphor translation, pun translation, jargon translation, cultural translation, poetry translation › Employing certain frameworks to help translate/ analyze the text  E.g. employing Skopos/ Dynamic Equivalence linguistic frameworks e.g. theories in semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics and discourse analysis

5.  Choose a text that you are familiar with. › Having read it/ about it before or having background on the subject matter  Read A LOT of previous studies  Know more abt the framework, methodology and data analysis  Be able to adapt the frameworks/methods employed to your own study

6.  Literary works › Novels, plays, poetry  Documentary writing  Manuals, Instructions, Regulations  Ads  Textbooks  Audiovisual media › Film, TV show, documentaries

7.  RQs = crucial part of the proposal  convince your advisor that your topic is coherent, interesting and feasible. › Help outline the overall paper = what you must find out, eventually leading to conclusions › Conclusions always come back to answer RQs

8.  For translation work › Translation approach of the overall text  Semantic/Communicative approach  Skopos › Equivalence  Formal/Dynamic equivalence  Textual/Pragmatic equivalence › Translation Procedure  Componential Analysis

9.  For Comp Study › Translation Procedures  Cultural terms  Componential Analysis › Linguistics Frameworks  Cohesion and coherence  Devices  Presupposition  Implicatures (Cooperative Principles)

10. Make sure that you - understand everything you’re about to study  Text and Context  Theoretical Framework  What has been done on similar issues (i.e. text, linguistic aspect, theoretical framework) - know why you choose certain frameworks for your work and what are the advantages/disadvantages in using it.

11.  Good Lit Review should › Have a clear presentation of the concepts  Demonstrating good knowledge of the theory with clear examples given › Be cohesive and coherent  Having links between each chunk of sentences  Ideas do not contradict with one another  The theories chosen must be on the same ground  It is not a collage of notecards being put loosely together

12.  Lacking sufficient knowledge on the theories used can result in › Inaccuracy of data analysis › Inability to carry on the research

13.  Data Collection › Source › How many items/pages/chapters are studied?  Data Analysis › Describe how the frameworks will be used to analyse the data

14.  Help get a good understanding of every linguistic and cultural aspect of the ST › Style › Context › Target reader etc.  Selected model must be reviewed in Chapter 2

15.  Intratextual Factors  Extratextual Factors

16.  Intentions  Styles  Readership  Attitude  Setting  Quality  Connotation and Denotation

17.  Close relationship w/ LitReview  For translation work, this chapter might include translator’s comment › Problem-solving

18.  Presentation of the findings in a communicative channwl

19.  Baker, M. (1992). In Other Words.  Baker, M. (2008). Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies.  Bassnett, S. (2002). Translation studies.  Fawcett, P. (1997). Translation and language  Munday, J. (2008). Introducing translation studies theories and application.  Munday, J. (2009). The Routledge companion to translation studies.  Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation.  Newmark, P. (2008)Approaches to translation.  Nord, C. (1991). Text analysis in translation.  Venuti, L. (2000). The Translation studies reader.