1. “Instructing English Language Learners in the Context of Political Change: A Qualitative Study of Teachers’ Beliefs About Effective Teaching Strategies” Dr. Margarita Jimenez Silva

2. Research Questions What are teachers’ instructional beliefs, as influenced by their backgrounds, regarding effective teaching strategies for English language learners given the current historical and sociocultural events in education in the state of California and in the context of the passage of Proposition 227? What are teachers’ instructional beliefs, as influenced by their backgrounds, regarding effective teaching strategies for English language learners given the current historical and sociocultural events in education in the state of California and in the context of the passage of Proposition 227?

3. Research Questions What are the instructional practices teachers employ to address the educational needs of English language learners in the post- Proposition 227 era in California? What are the instructional practices teachers employ to address the educational needs of English language learners in the post- Proposition 227 era in California? How do teachers’ beliefs and backgrounds mediate the manner in which they implement the mandates of Proposition 227? How do teachers’ beliefs and backgrounds mediate the manner in which they implement the mandates of Proposition 227?

4. Literature Review Background Background Proposition 227 Proposition 227 Bilingual Education Programs Bilingual Education Programs Theoretical Framework Theoretical Framework Review of Relevant Literature Review of Relevant Literature Relationships between Instructional Beliefs and Practices Relationships between Instructional Beliefs and Practices Teachers’ Backgrounds Teachers’ Backgrounds

5. Methodology Introduction Introduction Research Design Research Design Site Selection Site Selection Subjects Subjects Bias and Validity Bias and Validity Data Collection Data Collection Interviews Interviews Observations Observations Data Analysis and Coding Data Analysis and Coding Analysis Analysis Coding Coding

6. Instructional Beliefs and Teaching Practices Teacher Profiles Teacher Profiles Safe and Caring Environment Safe and Caring Environment High Expectations High Expectations SDAIE Techniques SDAIE Techniques Flexible Groupings Flexible Groupings Instructional Features Instructional Features Context-Embedded Lang. Context-Embedded Lang. Visuals/Realia Visuals/Realia Hands-On Hands-On Language sensitive Mod. Language sensitive Mod. Multi. Assessment Multi. Assessment Standards Standards

7. Constraints Time Constraints Time Constraints Professional Feedback Professional Feedback Resources Resources Books, books, books Books, books, books Larger School Culture Larger School Culture SES SES Students’ Language Skills Students’ Language Skills Parental Involvement Parental Involvement Teacher Turnover Teacher Turnover Student Turnover Student Turnover

8. Teachers’ Knowledge Knowledge of the Learner Knowledge of the Learner Building Relationships Building Relationships Foundation in Child Development Foundation in Child Development Content and Procedural Knowledge Content and Procedural Knowledge Knowledge of California’s Content Standards Knowledge of California’s Content Standards Knowledge of the Reading and Writing Process Knowledge of the Reading and Writing Process Knowledge of English Language Development Knowledge of English Language Development Knowledge of Math Content Knowledge of Math Content Knowing How to Work With Community of Parents Knowing How to Work With Community of Parents Knowing How to Work With Administration Knowing How to Work With Administration

9. Teachers’ Knowledge Sources of Knowledge Sources of Knowledge Other Teachers Other Teachers Teacher Education Coursework Teacher Education Coursework Inservice Training Inservice Training

10. Language Ideology Language Background Language Background Language Language Culture Culture Second Language Acquisition Beliefs Second Language Acquisition Beliefs Optimal Age for L2 Acquisition Optimal Age for L2 Acquisition Necessary Conditions for L2 Acquisition Necessary Conditions for L2 Acquisition Length of Time to Learn English Length of Time to Learn English

11. Language Ideology Bilingual Education Beliefs Bilingual Education Beliefs Effectiveness of Bilingual Education Effectiveness of Bilingual Education The Role of Spanish and The Role of English The Role of Spanish and The Role of English Proposition 227 Beliefs Proposition 227 Beliefs Impetus to Passage of Proposition 227 Impetus to Passage of Proposition 227 Mandates of Proposition 227 Mandates of Proposition 227 Impact of Proposition 227 Impact of Proposition 227

12. Discussion Relate to your own experiences: Relate to your own experiences: Beliefs and Practices Beliefs and Practices Effective Strategies Effective Strategies Constraints Constraints Knowledge Knowledge Language Ideolgy Language Ideolgy

13. Thank you!