1. THE FIELD OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
MEETING 3
THE FIELD OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

2. DISCOURSE Fashionable term Language based on different patterns
Medical discourse
Political discourse
a series of interdisciplinary approaches that can be used to explore many different social domains in many different types of studies.
definition of a discourse as a particular way of talking about and understanding the world (or an aspect of the world).

3. Three approaches (social constructionism)
Ernesto Laclau and Chantal
Mouffe’s discourse theory, critical discourse analysis, and
Discursive psychology.

4. The concept of discourse analysis usually begins with Power and Ideology.
Disagreement :
Scope of social discourses
vary with respect to their focus of analysis.
people’s discourse in everyday social interaction, others prefer a more abstract mapping of the discourses that circulate in society

5. Discourse Analysis All package (applicable areas of research)
theoretical and methodological whole – a complete package :
philosophical (ontological and epistemological)
Theoretical models,
methodological guidelines for how to approach a research domain,
techniques for analysis

6. Key Premise A critical approach to taken-for-granted knowledge
Historical and cultural specificity (Burr 1995: 3)
Link between knowledge and social processes
Link between knowledge and social action.

7. The Three Approaches
Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s discourse theory, which is the ‘purest’ poststructuralist theory in our selection. The theory has its starting point in the poststructuralist idea that discourse constructs the social world in meaning, and that, owing to the fundamental instability of language, meaning can never be permanently fixed. (discursive struggle)

8. Critical Discourse Analysis
Focus on Norman Fairclough’s approach, also places weight on the active role of discourse in constructing the social world. But, in contrast to Laclau and Mouffe, Fairclough insists that discourse is just one among many aspects of any social practice.

9. Discursive Psychology
focus on specific instances of language use in social interaction.
approach to social psychology
set out the theoretical foundations and methodological guidelines for discourse analysis

10. FROM LANGUAGE SYSTEM TO DISCOURSE
Language construct the reality
Meaning and representation are real
Physical objects also exist

11. Flood associated with a river overflowing its banks.
Example
independently of people’s thoughts and talk
natural phenomena
Meteorological discourse
El Niño phenomenon
Greenhouse effect
political mismanagement
God’s anger over a people’s sinful way of life
Flood associated with a river overflowing its banks.

12. form (signifiant) and content (signifié)
Saussure Thoughts
word ‘dog’, has no natural connection to the image of a dog that appears in our head.
For example, saying to a person, ‘you’re such a dog’
Parole, on the other hand, is situated language use, the signs actually used by people in specific situations.
langue, for it is the structure of language that makes specific statements possible.
form (signifiant) and content (signifié)
Arbitrary
langue and parole