 Я читаю (щовечора). I read every evening. – Present Simple  Я читаю (зараз). I am reading now. – Present Continuous  Я читаю (вже три години / з ранку). I have been reading for three hours / since morning. – Present Perfect Continuous

(+) We like English. 1 st form of the verb He likes English. 1 st form +s/es (-) We don’t like English. do + not + 1 st form of the verb He doesn’t like English. does + not + 1 st form of the verb (?) Do you like English? Why do you like English? Does he like English? Why does he like English?  Pronunciation of –(e)s [z] ends, plays, plans, fills, does [s] asks, puts, stops [iz] passes, washes, teaches  Spelling -ch, -sh, -s, -x +es catches, wishes, passes, fixes A conconant +-y +es = ies carries, studies

 Regular repeated / routine action neverseldomsometimesoftenusually always every Sunday morning, three times a week  Permanent situations  Scientific facts  With stative verbs (instead of continuous forms)  Future (in timetables, regulations, programmes)  Time clauses with future meaning (as soon as, when, after, before, till, until, if)  We go swimming every Saturday.  He never gets home after 10 p.m.  They don’t often travel abroad.  He comes from Canada.  Water melts at 0 0 C.  Does she hear?  I’m sorry, but I strongly disagree.  The train leaves at  When do the lessons begin?  I’ll see him as soon as/when I am free.  Give this to Jane if you can.

(+) I am sitting in class. He is sitting in class. We are sitting in class. be+ V ing (-) I am not chewing. He is not chewing now. We are not chewing now. be+ not + Ving (?) Are you sleeping? Where are you going? Is she sleeping? Where is she going?  Spelling –ing form A consonant + -e = drop –e and add –ing smile – smiling One vowel + one consonant = double the consonant and add –ing run - running -ie + -ing = ying die + ing = dying  Contracted forms I am = I’m You are = you’re He is = he’s is + not = isn’t are + not = aren’t but I am not = I’m not

With action verbs to talk about  actions happening now/ around now  changing / developing situations  temporary situations  annoying habits with always  arrangements and plans in future  I think he is watching a hockey match.  She’s carrying out an experiment.  The weather is getting better.  He is staying in the hotel.  He’s always buying her presents.  Are you leaving tomorrow?

(+) I ’ve been cleaning the house. He ’s been cleaning the house. have/has + been + Ving (-) I haven’t been living in the hotel. She hasn’t been living in the hotel. have/has + not + been + Ving (?) How long have you been reading the book?  Contractions (+) have = ’ve has = ’s (-) have + not = haven’t has + not = hasn’t

 An action is not complete  An activity is temporary  A recent activity (effects are seen)  To emphasize how long an action has been going on  I’ve been studying English.  I’ve been living here for a year but I’m going to move.  I’ve been running. I’ll take a shower.  He’s been replying to e- mails all morning.

Verbs of thinking and opinion think* understandsee suppose mean imagine believe know recognize realize remember forget agree doubt expectdeserve Verbs of having and being have*possess contain include belong to seem sound owe own weigh cost deserve depend on need be resemble Verbs of senses see*hearsmell taste* feel Verbs of emotions and feeling likepreferdislike wanthate wishlove care hope