1. GRAMMAR Present Simple Present Continuous

2. Present Simple I work don’t work do you work? You work We work They work He/ she / it works doesn’t work Does He/she /it work? Yes he does/no he doesn’t Do you work for this company?

3. Present Continuous I am working - I’m not working…. You are working – You aren’t working He/she/it is working - He/she/it isn’t working We are working - You aren’t working They are working – they aren’t working (Where/when/why…)are you/we/they… working? What languages is she/he/it studying?

4. Grammar present simple/continuous Are the sentences correct? Yes or No? Clearly the price of petrol increases at the moment. We meet our new employees in 20 minutes. First we are doing the testing and then we are sending the products to the packaging area.

5. Present simple or Continuous? Permanent situations To talk about certain/definite future plans To give intructions To criticise irritating/annoying actions Actions happening now Future programmes, schedules and timetables Temporary present actions Routines, habits General truths and facts

6. Present simple / Continuous Permanent situations To talk about certain/definite future plans To give intructions To criticise irritating/annoying actions Actions happening now Future programmes, schedules and timetables Temporary present actions Routines, habits General truths and facts

7. Present simple / Continuous Permanent situations: I live in Siena To give intructions: First you turn left and then you go straignt on … Routines, habits: I always check my emails first and then I start studying Future programmes, schedules and timetables The meeting starts at 9am and ends at 6pm tomorrow. The train arrives at 5 o’clock General truths and facts: Water boils at 100 degrees. Actions happening now: I am having an english lesson To talk about certain/definite future plans. She is arriving at 4pm and then will be getting the 5 O’clock train. To criticise irritating/annoying actions. She is always using her phone during the lessons Temporary present actions. Where are you staying? We are staying with our friends in central London.

8. Present continuous and always/forever/continually/constantly Eg: You are forever making the same mistakes. Eg: She's always arriving late for the meeting This is used to talk about something irritating or annoying or to criticise.

9. Adjectives used with the Present Simple Always Often Sometimes/ Occasionally Usually Hardly ever Rarely/seldom = adjectives of frequency: How often do you go out? I usually go out twice a week.

10. Adjectives of frequency Entrepreneurs take risks often in business Or Entrepreneurs often take risks in business This company is always successful Or This always is company successful

11. Position of Adverbs The adverbs go before main verbs Eg:Entrepreneurs often take risks in business BUT After the verb to be Eg:This company is always successful

12. Which sentence is correct? The company twice a week orders new products. The company orders twice a week new products. The company orders new products twice a week The phrases: Once a week, twice a year, three times a month etc... Go at the end of the sentence.

13. State verbs These verbs are not usually used in the continuous form. They talk about a condition or a situation which continues over a period of time. It is not always clear or important when this situation begins and ends.

14. State Verbs Verbs of emotion (like, hate,prefer, detest,fear…) Verbs of thinking (believe, doubt, think, suppose, imagine…) Verbs of the senses (hear, see, smell, feel, appear…) Verbs used to describe things and their qualities (contain, measure, carry, mean, need, consist of…) Verbs expressing possession (belong to, owe,own, have (got)

15. Simple and continuous forms Are these sentences correct? This machine is having two handles at the front and it is being very easy to operate. The wine is tasting very good. You are sounding French. I see my boss tomorrow at 4pm I’m hating the rain. When will it stop?

16. Simple and continuous forms Are these sentences correct? This machine has two handles at the front and it is very easy to operate. The wine tastes very good. You are sound French. I’m seeing my boss tomorrow at 4pm I hate the rain! When will it stop?

17. Both forms When we talk about physical feelings, there is not much difference between the continuous and simple form: Eg:How do you feel? And How are you feeling? Eg:My leg hurts or My leg is hurting

18. Correct? Where are you from? You are sounding French. This wine is tasting very nice. What is it? John is seeming unhappy? I’m wondering what is wrong? What are you thinking about the increase in the interest rate

19. This is correct Where are you from? You sound French. This wine tastes very nice. What is it? John seems unhappy? I’m wondering what is wrong? What do you think about the increase in the interest rate?

20. THE PAST Past simple and Past Continuous I worked for that company 5 year ago and …. I was working for that company 5 year ago when....

21. Past Simple or Continuous? Completed past actions temporary past actions Past situations (states or conditions) which were permanent Used to describe consecutive past actions, one action after the other A long, continuous situation in past happening at a specific moment or simultaneous actions happening in past Past habits or routines Past actions changing at a certain time

22. Past Simple or Continuous? Completed past actions temporary past actions Past situations (states or conditions) which were permanent Used to describe consecutive past actions, one action after the other A long, continuous situation in past happening at a specific moment or simultaneous actions happening in past Past habits or routines Past actions changing at a certain time

23. Was/were going to + verb Example: The company was going to invest more in market research. (past continuous) Did the company invest more? NO Was it an intention? YES (but the intention never happened – the company never invested)

24. All past tenses used together = narrative tenses Past Simple: When the manager arrived the meeting started and he introduced the new employees to the old staff. Past continuous: When the manager arrived the meeting was just starting. Past Perfect: When the manager arrived the meeting had just started.

25. Past simple: for finished actions and for actions happening one after the other. A sequence of actions. Past Continuous: An action in progress at a specific time. Past Perfect: When you are talking about the past and you want to talk about something earlier

26. When you arrived I called the manager. First you arrived then I called (consecutive actions. When you arrived I was calling the manager. One action interrupted the other. When you arrived I had called the manager. One action happened before the other. (order changes)