2.  They have a teenage son.  They are having a teenage son.  She is speaking five languages.  She speaks five languages.  Oh no! It’s raining.  Oh no! It rains.

3.  We’re thinking opera is boring.  We think opera is boring.  Don’t turn off the TV! I watch it!  Don’t turn off the TV! I’m watching it!  English speaks all over the world.  English is spoken all over the world.  Manual workers are paid per hour.  Manual workers pay per hour.

4.  Some birds fly south in winter.  The Moon goes round the Earth. A FACT THAT IS ALWAYS TRUE  I live and work in Croatia.  He prefers coffee to tea. A FACT THAT IS TRUE FOR A LONG TIME (STATE)  We walk to work.  She drinks ten cups of coffee a day. AN ACTION THAT HAPPENS ALL OVER AGAIN (HABIT)

5.  It expresses: - A FACT THAT IS ALWAYS TRUE - A FACT THAT IS TRUE FOR A LONG TIME (A STATE) - AN ACTION THAT HAPPENS ALL OVER AGAIN (A HABIT)

6. POSITIVE & NEGATIVE I You We They work do not work (don’t work) He She It works does not work (doesn’t work) QUESTIONS (Where) do I you we they work ? does he she it

7. SHORT ANSWERS Do you work in a bank? Yes, I do. No, I don’t. Does she live alone? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t. PASSIVE VOICE am/are /is + past participle I am told smoking is forbidden here. You are ordered to leave this place. It is done in due time. Computers are repaired in the other room.

8.  Most verbs add –s to the base form e.g. wants; eats; helps; drives; drinks…  Verbs ending in –ss, -sh, -ch, -x & -o add –es e.g. kisses; watches; fixes; goes…  Verbs ending in a consonant + y change the y into –ies e.g. carries; flies; worries; tries…  Verbs ending in a vowel + y only add –s e.g. buys, plays; says; enjoys…

9.  Adverbs of frequency : never, rarely, not often, sometimes, often, usually, always, every + noun…  E.g. I usually eat muffins for breakfast. He doesn’t often go to bed late. She never eats meat. They are usually pretty nervous. We’re rarely home over the weekend.

10.  I am talking in English.  You are having a good time. AN ACTIVITY HAPPENING NOW  We are having some extra lessons this week.  I am doing a French evening class this year. AN ACTIVITY TRUE NOW, BUT NOT NECESSARILY HAPPENING AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING

11.  She is working in her Paris office this month.  He is staying with his friends while in London. A TEMPORARY ACTIVITY  We are meeting at 8 outside the restaurant.  She is seeing the doctor tomorrow at 10. A PLANNED FUTURE ARRANGEMENT

12.  It expresses: - AN ACTIVITY HAPPENING NOW - AN ACTIVITY TRUE NOW, BUT NOT NECESSARILY HAPPENING AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING - A TEMPORARY ACTIVITY - A PLANNED FUTURE ARRANGEMENT

13. POSITIVE & NEGATIVE I am working / am not working (‘m working / ‘m not working) You We They are working / are not working (‘re working / aren’t working) He She It is working / is not working (‘s working / isn’t working) QUESTIONS (Where) am I working ? are you we they is he she it

14. SHORT ANSWERS Are you listening to the radio? Yes, I am. No, I’m not. Is she having a good time? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t. PASSIVE VOICE am/are /is + being + past participle The house is being redecorated at the moment. Students’ tests are being evaluated right now.

15.  Most verbs add –ing to the base form e.g. listening; watching; reading…  Verbs ending in one –e lose that –e e.g. having; coming; hoping BUT: BEING!  Verbs ending in –ee don’t drop on –e e.g. seeing; agreeing  One syllable verbs double the last consonant e.g. stopping; running; getting…  If the consonant is -y or –w don’t double it e.g. playing; showing…

16.  now, at the moment, at present, this week, these days, nowadays, still…  E.g. We’re watching a good film now. These days the whole company is working hard. Nowadays, children are eating much more sweets. I’m taking up gymnastics at present.

17.  Their meanings are related to states or conditions that are facts, not activities  Usually are used in simple tenses only, not continuous VERBS OF THINKING AND OPINIONS believe think understand suppose expect doubt agree know remember forget mean imagine realize deserve prefer VERBS OF EMOTIONS AND FEELINGS like love hate care hope wish want admit VERBS OF HAVING AND BEING belong own have possess contain cost seem appear need depend on weigh come from resemble VERBS OF THE SENSES look hear taste smell feel

18. I think you’re right. (opinion) We’re thinking of moving. (mental activity) He has a lot of money. (possession) She’s having a shower. (activity) I see what you mean. (understand) Are you seeing Nick tomorrow? (activity) The soup tastes awful. (state) I’m tasting the soup to see if it’s hot. (activity)  Some state verbs can be used in the continuous tenses, but with a change in meaning  In the continuous, the verb expresses an activity, not a state

19. PRESENT SIMPLEPRESENT CONTINUOUS a routine or habit We eat in the canteen most days. He walks to work every day. sth we’re in the middle of We’re having lunch in the canteen. They’re cycling to work now. sth permanent He works in Manchester. She lives with her parents. sth temporary He is working in Liverpool this week. She’s staying in a hotel at the moment. by Irene, 2008