Chapter 4 and 5 Review

What type of succession occurs after a natural process such as a volcanic eruption or flood? primary succession old-field succession secondary succession climax community

What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem? food web energy pyramid food chain energy transfer

Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain? leopard seal shark Algae killer whale

Which of the following is an example of secondary succession? breaking down of bare rock by fungi and mosses pioneer plants begin to grow after glacial melting growth of plants after a forest is destroyed by fire appearance of weeds in cracks in a concrete surface

Succession is possible because climates change over time. it is a rapid and chaotic process that is very difficult to control. existing plants reproduce quickly. new species make the environment less suitable for previous ones.

Plants play a crucial role in the carbon cycle because they do not release carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. allow carbon to enter an ecosystem through photosynthesis. have special bacteria that live in their root systems. are chemically converted into fossil fuels when burned.

Consumers are organisms that eat only other animal species. get solar or other energy indirectly. are also known as self-feeders. occupy an ecosystem’s lowest energy level.

Where would you not find primary succession? a new island formed by a volcanic eruption a gravel-filled valley that had been covered by a glacier until recently a locked, abandoned asphalt parking lot in New York City the Amazon Rain Forest

Fire Windstorm Flood drought What kind of natural disaster helps some forest communities by allowing some trees to release their seeds, by clearing away deadwood, and by encouraging new growth? Fire Windstorm Flood drought

Which of the following plants is likely to be a pioneer species? Lichen shrub Grass oak tree

Which of the following does not contain carbon from the bodies of plants and animals that died millions of years ago? Coal natural gas Oil phosphate salts

If an insect eats a plant and a bird eats the insect, about how much energy from the plant is stored in the insect for the bird to use? 90 percent 10 percent 50 percent 1 percent

Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers? Decomposers omnivores Herbivores carnivores

Which two kingdoms contain organisms that can use energy from the sun to make food? protists and plants fungi and protists fungi and plants plants and animals

Single-celled organisms with cell walls but no nuclei are fungi. protists. bacteria. sponges

Which of the following is not a biotic factor in an ecosystem? Roots leaves Insects oxygen

One way that bacteria and fungi are important to the environment is that they produce oxygen. use the sun’s energy to make their own food. are a major food source in many ecosystems. break down dead organisms.

Which of the following best describes a population? members of the same species living in the same place at the same time all the red birds in an forest, park and zoo all types of organisms living in the same place at different times all members of the same species

Humans have inadvertently promoted the evolution of insects that are resistant to insecticides by trying to control pests with chemicals. using insecticides that are outdated. using the wrong insecticide. using herbicides

Which of the following describes soil and temperature in an ecosystem? abiotic factors unnecessary factors biotic factors selection factors

Which of the following converts nitrogen in the air into a form plants can use? Bacteria protists Fungi animals

Most scientists classify organisms into five kingdoms. three kingdoms. six kingdoms. two groups.

In order for evolution to occur in a population, individuals with a trait that is “naturally selected for” must live a long time. reproduce. leave the area. coevolve.

The process of two species changing genetically in response to long-term interactions with each other is artificial selection. selective breeding. coevolution. resistance.

An organism is resistant to a chemical if it has a gene that protects it from the chemical. it evolved overnight to be resistant to it did not eat anything with the chemical on it. All of the above

Some organisms are more likely to survive because they have certain physical traits. engage in certain behaviors. lack certain physical traits. All of the above

The community of a pond is made up of all the abiotic factors in the water. resources organisms need. habitats in and around the water. populations of fish, insects, and other living organisms.

The organisms most likely to belong to the same species are people at a football game. birds in a forest. bacteria inside a person’s body. fish in a pond.

The energy in most ecosystems comes from green plants. wind. the sun. cows

Which of the following is not an ecosystem? Desert coral reef oak forest utility pole