1. Unit 2 Test Review
Kraj

2. What is a pioneer species?
The first species to colonize an area that did not have life.

3. What causes air to be denser at the Earth’s surface?
gravity

4. What do bacteria, plants, and fungi have in common?
Cell Wall

5. What would Earth be like without the greenhouse effect?
Too cold for life to exist

6. Explain the greenhouse effect.
Greenhouse gases trap heat radiated from Earth warming the planet.

7. Which organisms participate in decomposing?
fungi and bacteria

8. Which organisms can make their own food?
Plants, and some protists

9. Give some examples of a pioneer species.
Lichens

10. What do lichens do?
They help breakdown rock to form the first soil.

11. What is a consumer?
an organism that eats other organisms to obtain energy.

12. Give an example of a food chain and identify the lowest and highest trophic level.
grass – mouse – snake –eagle
grass lowest
eagle highest
energy moving from left to right

13. What is an omnivore?
An organisms that eats both plants and animals

14. Give some examples of omnivores.
Humans, bears

15. What is an herbivore?
An organism that eats only plants

16. Give some examples of herbivores.
Sheep, goat, cow, grasshopper

17. A consumer that only eats producers is called what?
herbivore

18. How is a food chain different from a food web?
Food chain – individuals
Food web many feeding relationships

19. Which level of the energy pyramid has the most energy?
Bottom

20. Which level of the energy pyramid has the least organisms?
top

21. Which level of the energy pyramid has the least energy?
top

22. Which level of the energy pyramid has the most organisms?
bottom

23. Give examples of organisms at the top of the energy pyramid.
Humans, lions, hawks

24. What is the ultimate source of energy for our planet?
The sun

25. Where do you find nitrogen fixing bacteria?
On the roots of legumes (fruiting plants like peas and beans)

26. What type of vegetation is in a climax community?
Mature trees such as Oak
This is the final stable community in the last stage of succession.

27. What is a producer?
An organism that makes its own food through photosynthesis.
plants produce oxygen

28. What is a consumer?
An organism that eats other organisms to obtain energy.

29. Which gas must be transformed by bacteria before it can be used by plants?
Nitrogen

30. How do humans impact the carbon cycle?
Burning of fossil fuels

31. Where do plants get carbon from?
Taking in CO2 during photosynthesis.

32. What is a characteristic of archaebacteria?
It lives in harsh environments

33. How do fungi obtain food?
They are decomposers and absorb the food.

34. Name the 6 kingdoms of life.
Animal, plant, eubacteria, archaebacteria, protists, fungi

35. Give 3 examples of biotic factors.
humans, worms, plants, fungi, bacteria

36. Give 3 examples of abiotic factors.
water, air, soil, temperature, rocks, minerals

37. Give an example of pesticide resistance.
Bugs that are resistant will live and reproduce creating a fully resistant population.

38. How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?
10% (90% is lost)

39. A group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring.
Species

40. All the organisms living in an area together and their physical environment.
Ecosystem

41. A group of various species that live in the same place and interact with each other.
Community

42. Microscopic single celled organisms that lack a nuclei and are found in harsh environments.
Archaebacteria

43. All members of the same species that live in the same place at the same time.
Population

44. One celled organisms that can animal or plant like.
Protists

45. An individual living thing.
Organism

46. A change that improves the chances of success of a population.
Adaptation