Chapter 27: Empire & Expansion

New Manifest Destiny What Is It? –Extend American control & influence overseas –Imperialistic– subjugation of “lesser” people –Spread American values –Demonstrate capacity for Empire

New Manifest Destiny Motives: –Safety valve closed– Turner Thesis Natural resources New markets/foreign trade –Distraction from domestic problems –Europe’s example –Social Darwinism– Fiske –White Man’s Burden– Rudyard Kipling –Spread Christianity– Josiah Strong –Alfred Thayer Mahan– need for sea power

Which countries are represented in the cartoon? What is the meaning? How does this support the concept of 19 th century imperialism?

New Manifest Destiny Acquisition of Territory –China: 1899– Open Door Note (Secretary of State John Hay) Boxer Rebellion

New Manifest Destiny Itching for War? –Venezuelan Border Dispute Grover Cleveland & Richard Olney Monroe Doctrine –Chilean conflict over Valparaiso –Italians killed in New Orleans

New Manifest Destiny Acquisition of Territory –Samoa: Germany, Great Britain, and U.S. –Hawaii Way station Missionary efforts Pearl Harbor– 1887 Queen Liliuokalani– 1891 Sugar plantations –American Planter Revolt– 1893 –Tariffs

Spanish-American War Causes: –Cuban Revolt against Spain ( ) General “Butcher” Weyler –Concentration camps Sympathetic to Cuban masses –Yellow Press– Pulitzer & Hearst –Dupuy de Lome Letter (Feb 1898) –Maine (Feb 1898)

1.Who is the Woman? 2.What message is conveyed? 3.How might this cartoon be associated with the Yellow Press? 4.How might this cartoon be associated with imperialism?

Spanish-American War Events: –Declaration of War: April 25, 1898 (war hysteria) –Cuba: Challenges of U.S. military forces –Racial conflicts –Disease –Poorly equipped & prepared Attack on Santiago –Rough Riders (Wood & Roosevelt) –El Caney, Kettle Hill, San Juan Hill (July 1, 1898) Spanish fleet destroyed

Spanish-American War Events: –Puerto Rico American army seized territory– no opposition –Philippines Roosevelt/George Dewey/Manila (May 1, 1898) Not just about Cuba– strip Spain of colonies

Spanish-American War Results: –Puerto Rico: Annexed– part of armistice Foraker Act (1900) Jones Act (1917) Sugar industry– no tariffs –Guam

Spanish-American War Results: –C–Cuba Teller Amendment (1898) Platt Amendment (1901) Built infrastructure Guantanamo

Results: Philippines: Strip Spain of colonies McKinley– Christianize and educate Treaty of Paris– December 1898 –$20 million for Philippines Led to Anti-Imperialist League Outbreak of war –Guerilla tactics & savagery –Emilio Aguinaldo William H. Taft– 1 st civilian governor –Political autonomy as much as possible

Analyze the extent to which the Spanish- American War was a turning point in American foreign policy.

Theodore Roosevelt Speak softly and carry a big stick Panama Canal: –Clayton-Bulwer Treaty –Mahan’s text –Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901) –Nicaragua vs. Panama –Panamanian Revolt –Panama Canal completion

Theodore Roosevelt Roosevelt Corollary –Preventive Intervention –Colossus of the North/Bad Neighbor Policy/ Policeman of the Caribbean Russo-Japanese War ( ) –Treaty of Portsmouth –Nobel Peace Prize –Gentleman’s Agreement w/ Japan –Great White Fleet –Root-Takahira Agreement

How is New Manifest Destiny different from/similar to Manifest Destiny of the pre-Civil War Era?