1. American Imperialism

2. Objective
Analyze and explain the causes of the Spanish American War

3. Imperialism Causes Social Social Darwinism (racism) Political Economic
Gain resources for industrialization
Religious
Spread Protestantism
Militaristic

4. Expansionists Josiah Strong
Theodore Roosevelt (Asst. Sec. of the Navy)
Capt. Alfred Mahan
The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
World dominance comes from maritime power
Control Caribbean & exert influence in the Pacific

5. Expansion in the Pacific
Alaska
“Seward’s Folly” ($7.2 million)
Better access to Asia
Samoa
Naval base
Protectorate & extraterrioriality
Hawaii
Queen Liliuokalani tries to eliminate American planters’ power = revolt (U.S. marines helped)
McKinley annexes HI (most Hawaiians don’t want this)

6. Causes of the War of 1898 (Spanish American War)
Spanish treatment of Cubans
Yellow journalism (William Randolph Hearst vs. Joseph Pulitzer)
Trade w/ Cuba
Expansionism
De Lome letter (trashes McKinley)
Sinking of the Maine
“Remember the Maine!”
McKinley vs. Roosevelt
McKinley caves & declares war (Teller Amendment)
Roosevelt enlists

7. Philippines & Cuba Philippines
Roosevelt orders troops engage Spanish in Manila (Philippines)
Spain surrenders to US w/ help from Emilio Aguinaldo
Cuban Campaign
Rough Riders (media coverage makes Teddy a national hero)
Treaty of Paris 1898 = Cuba is independent, U.S. annexes Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam
War was very one sided (most Americans die of disease)

8. Debate over Annexation of Philippines
Business want them for trade w/ China
Missionaries & McKinley want to convert Filipinos
Anti-imperialists (Democrats, Populists, Mark Twain)
US annexes them anyway
Philippine-American War
Many atrocities (Water cure)
Leads to American Anti-Imperialist League

9. Organizing Our New Acquisitions
Philippines
William Howard Taft (governor of Philippines)
Philippine Gov’t Act (unorganized territory, citizens of the Philippines)
Gains independence in 1946
Puerto Rico
Foraker Act (est. gov’t)
Jones Act (U.S. citizenship)
Commonwealth
Cuba
Platt Amendment (no treaties w/ other nations, US can intervene whenever, US gets naval base)
Uprisings and US intervention continue for decades

10. Imperial Rivalries in East Asia
Open Door Policy (Sec. of State John Hay)
China open to equal trade w/ all countries
Nations should not interfere w/ treaty port
Chinese can collect tariffs on equal basis
No preferential treatment to your own nation w/ harbor or RR duties
Boxer Rebellion

11. Big-Stick Diplomacy McKinley re-elected, Roosevelt VP
McKinley assassinated, Teddy is president (not all Rep. are happy)
Panama Canal
Clayton Bulwer Treaty  Hay Pauncefote Treaty
Columbians try to stop U.S.
Paid $10 million & $250,000, opened in 1914
Roosevelt Corollary to US can intervene in western hemisphere so others don’t
“Speak softly and carry a big stick” (have a strong military ready if necessary)

12. U.S. Increases Involvement in International Affairs
Japan
Russo-Japanese War  Treaty of Portsmouth (Japan gets Korea)
Taft-Katsura Agreement (Japan stays out of Philippines)
“Yellow peril”
Europe
Act of Algeciras (Equal trading in Morocco)
Teddy gets Nobel Peace Prize for these negotiations
“The Great White Fleet”