1 Female Reproductive Disorders

2 Problems Related to Menstruation Premenstrual Syndrome Dysmenorrhea Oligomenorrhea Amenorrhea Menorrhagia Metrorrhagia

Toxic Shock Syndrome Staphylococcus aureus Symptoms – High fever – Vomiting – Diarrhea – Weakness – Myalgia – Sunburn like rash 3

Menopause 42 to 58 years old Loss of estrogen HRT/Nonhormonal Therapy 4

Infections of the Lower Genital Tract Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Trichomonas Vaginitis Bacterial Vaginosis Cervicitis 5

6 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Infection of pelvic cavity Etiology – sexual intercourse, childbirth, pelvic surgery, pregnancy termination, douching, use of IUD S/SX – lower abdominal pain, pain with walking, intercourse, spotting after intercourse, fever/chills or can have no symptoms at all

7 Endometriosis Normal endometrial tissue that is outside the endometrial cavity

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Leiomyomas Uterine fibroids – noncancerous Most common benign tumors of female genital tract Cause unknown 9

Cervical Polyps Projectile growth that protrudes through the cervical os Very common especially in women over 20 who have been pregnant 10

Benign Ovarian Tumors Solid cyst 11

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Occurs when many cysts form on ovaries Etiology unknown 12

13 Breast Disorders Definitions – Mastalgia – Mastitis – Fibrocystic changes

14 Breast Cancer Risk factors – Female – Over age 50 – Family history – Personal history of breast, colon, endometrial or ovarian cancer – Early menarche/Early menopause – First pregnancy after age 30 – Weight gain and obesity after menopause

Other risk factors – Fat intake – Physical inactivity – Alcohol intake – Chemical exposure – Radiation exposure – Not breastfeeding – Working at night 15

16 Breast Cancer con’t. Prognosis and recurrences – Size of tumor – Axillary node involvement

Diagnostic Studies Mammogram Ultrasound MRI Biopsy 17

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Prevention Chemoprevention Prophylactic Mastectomy BSE 19

20 Clinical Manifestations of Breast Cancer lump Abnormal mammogram Nipple discharge or retractions dimpling ‘Orange peel’ skin

21 Therapy for Breast Cancer Surgical procedures Radiation Chemotherapy Biological

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23 Nursing Care Postoperatively Nursing diagnosis – Fear – Pain – Disturbed body image – Impaired mobility

24 Cervical Cancer Risks Detection Symptoms Treatment

25 Endometrial cancer Risk: unopposed estrogen Treatment – Surgery – Radiation – Chemo Tamoxifen Adriamycin Cisplatin Carboplaten Taxol – hormonal

26 Ovarian Cancer Manifestations Screening Treatment

Vaginal / Vulvar Cancer Rare 27

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32 Sexual Assault Nursing diagnosis – Rape trauma syndrome