First Aid Module 1 Introduction to First Aid Role of First Aider

Introduction to First Aid What is First Aid The first person on the scene to render help where accidents or illness have occurred Aim in First Aid Sustain life Prevent the condition from becoming worse Promote recovery

Introduction to First Aid Role of First Aider Assess situation and ensure safety for first aider and casualty. To find out what is wrong with the casualty To render early and appropriate treatment To arrange for removal to clinic, hospital or home. To remain with the casualty as long as is necessary. To report observations to health care personnel on their arrival. To prevent cross infection between first aider and casualty.

Introduction to First Aid Action to be taken during a first aid emergency situation. Two types of assessment. Primary Survey Secondary Survey 1. Assess the Situation Ensure situation and environment safe for casualty and First Aider.

Introduction to First Aid 2. Primary Survey - Assess the Casualty Tap for a response Call for ambulance 995 Check airway Open the airway Check breathing Check pulse Commence CPR Continue till help arrives.

Introduction to First Aid Secondary Survey Medical history of casualty Recent Illness External clues – medication pack Inhaler canister warning tags insulin injection Circumstances or cause of injury – fall from height, impact injury

Introduction to First Aid Signs and Symptoms of illness and injury.

Introduction to First Aid Vital Signs Check Pulse Respiration Level of responsiveness Pulse Check Rate – normal is 60-80 beats per minute Strong or weak Regular or irregular (instructor to demonstrate checking of pulse)

Introduction to First Aid Location for pulse check. Carotid pulse Brachial pulse Radial pulse Breathing Check Rate – normal breath is 16-20 breath per minute Deep or shallow breathing Normal, difficult or painful breaths Quiet or noisy breathing

Introduction to First Aid Level of responsiveness check Use of AVPU code: A – alert open eyes and respond to questions. V – Voice answer simple questions and obey commands. P – Pain respond to pain by body movements and open eyes U – Unresponsive does not respond to the above. (instructor to demonstrate AVPU)

Introduction to First Aid Examining a Casualty Head to Toe Survey 1 Scalp 2 Ears 3 Eyes 4 Nose 5 Breathing 6 Skin 7 Neck

Introduction to First Aid Examining a Casualty Head to Toe Survey 8 Chest 9 Collar bone and Shoulder 10 Elbow, wrists and fingers 11 Limbs and Spinal 12 Abdominal 13 Hips 14 Leg raise, ankles and knees movement 15 Toes

Introduction to First Aid Treatment in first Aid Adequate and appropriate Accord priorities in treatment for different injuries Treatment - Primary survey Airway kept open Control bleeding

Introduction to First Aid Treatment - Secondary survey Treat large wounds and burns. Immobilize bone and joint injuries Monitor response, pulse and breathing every ten minutes. Reassure the casualty Obtain casualty’s particulars to establish identity. Improvisation, use alternatives.

Introduction to First Aid Good Samaritan Law A principle of tort law that provides that a person who sees another individual in imminent and serious danger or peril cannot be charged with negligence if that first person attempts to aid or rescue the injured party, provided the attempt is not made recklessly.

Introduction to First Aid Good Samaritan Law The Good Samaritan doctrine is used by rescuers to avoid civil liability for injuries arising from their negligence. Its purpose is to encourage emergency assistance by removing the threat of liability for damage done by the assistance. However, the assistance must be reasonable; a rescuer cannot benefit from the Good Samaritan doctrine if the assistance is reckless or grossly negligent.

Introduction to First Aid Good Samaritan Law Three key elements support a successful invocation of the Good Samaritan doctrine: the care rendered was performed as the result of the emergency, the initial emergency or injury was not caused by the person invoking the defense, the emergency care was not given in a grossly negligent or reckless manner

Introduction to First Aid Consent In every instance where first aid is to be provided, the victim's consent is required. It should be obtained from every conscious, mentally-competent adult. The consent may be either oral or written. Permission to render first aid to an unconscious victim is implied and a first aider should not hesitate to treat an unconscious victim. Consent of a parent or guardian is required to treat a child, however emergency first aid necessary to maintain life may be provided without such consent.

Introduction to First Aid Reminder for First Aider IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THAT A VICTIM HAS THE RIGHTTO REFUSE FIRST AID CARE AND IN THESE INSTANCES YOU MUST RESPECT THE VICTIM'S DECISION. YOU CANNOT FORCE CARE ON A PERSON WHO DOES NOT WANT IT ... REGARDLESS OF THEIR CONDITION! THERE SHOULD BE LITTLE, IF ANY, CONCERN ABOUT LEGAL CONSEQUENCES INHERENT IN PROVIDING FIRST AID. YOU NEED ONLY HAVE THE VICTIM'S CONSENT AND THEN OFFER THE LEVEL OF CARE FOR WHICH YOU ARE QUALIFIED

The end Module 1 . Role of First Aider . For training purpose only . Not for sale .