1. BASIC FIRST AID

2. First Aid? Is the immediate assistance or treatment given to someone before the arrival of medical staff/ ambulance

3. Qualities of a first aider: ~ Calm ~ Confident ~ Willing to offer assistance whenever necessary ~ Patience

4. Aims of a first aider: 3 Ps: 3Ps Preserve life Prevent injuries/condition from worsening Promote recovery

5. Preserving life: 1)Control bleeding 2)Treat probable cause of shock 3)Maintain airway in correct position 4)Perform CPR when needed (no breathing or pulse)

6. Prevent condition from worsening: 1)Dress wound to prevent infection 2)Provide comfort to casualty 3)Place casualty in a comfortable position

7. Promote recovery : 1)Relieve casualty from anxiety 2)Encourage confidence and trust 3)Attempt to relieve pain and discomfort 4)Handle casualty gently 5)Protect casualty from cold and wet

8. Ambulance (SCDF): 995 1777 ( Non-emergency) Police number: 999 Fire Brigade: 995 Emergency Hotlines

9. 4 levels of consciousness: a)Normal status b)Drowsiness c)Semi – consciousness d)Coma

10. Protecting yourself as a first aider Essential to protect yourself from injury and infection a)Ensure surroundings are safe b)Protection from infection - to prevent “cross infection” ( transmitting germs to a casualty or contracting an infection yourself) - wear gloves or wash hands before doing a dressing.

11. Practice of first aid: 1)Assess the situation 2)Make area safe 3)Give emergency aid - initial assessment – Signs and symptoms - ABC 4) Get help from others if needed

12. Initial Assessment what? -Brief examination of casualty  to perform checks before concluding How? - Observe signs and symptoms

13. Signs and symptoms Signs: Details of a casualty’s condition you may assess using your senses. Look, listen, feel, smell E.G Bleeding, Deformity, Strength or rhythm of pulse, breathing Symptoms: sensations that the casualty experiences E.G Is there pain? What type of pain? Nausea, giddiness, coldness

14. ABC A = Airway  Open airway why? B = Breathing  Check for breathing How?

16. Circulation  Check for pulse Pulse indicates the condition of the Circulation -Full and slow -Rapid and fluttering / weak How to check for pulse? -Carotid pulse -Wrist pulse