1. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs Having a better understanding of what to do in an emergency situation.

2. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs2 Guidelines for the First Responder The first responder is defined as the first person to initiate care or assistance in the event of an emergency situation. It is important for a person to be able recognize an emergency. After recognizing an emergency the first responder must contact the proper authorities.

3. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs3 Three Basic Responsibilities of a First Responder Stop and assess the situation. Activate the emergency medical service system. Render emergency care if properly trained. There are many things that the responder must take in upon evaluating the situation.

4. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs4 Making Quick Observations Questions that need to be answered: –What has happened? –Are there any injuries? –What are the injuries? –What procedures should be used to help the victims? –Where is the emergency located? –How many victims are involved? These procedures will help give an accurate picture to the response team.

5. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs5 Perform a Cursory Exam Information from the scene: –Make sure there are no longer any hazards. –Assess the situation-What happened? Information from the victims: –Begin to asses the injuries. –Examine the victims state of consciousness. –Do not move the victim unless they are still in danger.

6. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs6 Performing a Cursory Exam Con’t Open the Airways, look listen and feel. Check for the carotid pulse to determine cardiac function. Check for blood loss. Examine the head –Eyes, check for dilated or unequal pupils. –Ears and nose, check for blood or discharge. –Mouth, check for bleed or obstruction. –Skull, feel for lumps. –Neck, check for deformities.

7. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs7 Performing a Cursory Exam Con't Examine the thorax, arms, and abdomen –Thorax, check for lumps and deformities in spinal area –Arms, examine for swelling –Abdomen, check for abnormal masses or ridges Examine pelvic girdle and lower extremities –Pelvis, listen for crepitus and observe for instability –Low extremities, examine for swelling

8. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs8 Making an Emergency Call First gather information from cursory exam, including the number involved and location. Give your name. Try to give the phone number from where you are calling from. Do not hang up until emergency personal do.

9. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs9 Legal Liability Many first responders fear being sued after administering care –No Certified First Responder has been sued for using established response procedures to date. New Good Samaritan Laws Help –Law states that a first responder who tries to administer trained help cannot be liable for injuries that the victim(s) obtained as long as the responder acted in a reasonable and trained manner.

10. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs10 Guidelines for the First-Responder We all have an obligation to help people in need. Certain occupations are required to administer first aid weather on or off duty. Police, Fire-Fighters, EMT's, Nurses, Teachers Once you have started to administer care, you should not stop until professional help comes.

11. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs11 Guidelines for the First-Responder Never attempt to treat someone above your level of ability. Never force treatment unless it is an emergency and the victim is unconscious. The Law assumes that the victim will consent if it is a matter of life or death, this is called implied consent.

12. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs12 Helpers and Their Responsibilities It is important to know whom to call, many people are fearful that they do not know the right person to reach in an emergency. Many cities now have implemented the 911 system to make it easier.

13. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs13 Law Enforcement City Police –Responsible for enforcing the laws of the city. Sheriff's Department –Providing bailiffs, maintaining jail facilities, transporting prisoners, and enforcing codes in buildings.

14. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs14 Fire Protection Services Fire Fighting is not the only role of fire service personnel. They also; –Inspect Buildings and residential dwellings. –Enforce building and fire codes. –Fire prevention education. –Fire Investigation.

15. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs15 Emergency Medical Service EMT –A paraprofessional specialist trained to provide care and transportation to victims in an emergency. –Training is about 100 hours in an emergency room setting. –They are trained in basic life support skills.

16. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs16 Emergency Medical Service Paramedics –Emergency specialists qualified to deliver life support in an emergency. –They can perform defibrillation, endotracheal intubations, cardiac monitoring, and intravenous therapy. –They receive 150-1000 hours of training on top of EMT certification.

17. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs17 Emergency Rescue Service Rescue Specialist –Main goal is to allow access to the victim. –Is trained to asses the situation and move the victim in a safe way so they can receive medical attention. –Many are associated with volunteer fire- departments.

18. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs18 Summary Prevention is an important factor in emergency situations, but preparation is key. Using a cursory exam can help the medical professionals in an emergency. Everyone should know who to call in case of an emergency, the numbers should be posted on all phones in your home. EMT’s, Paramedics, and Rescuers can help doctors in sustaining life until the patient is in their care.

19. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs19 Phone Numbers in our Area Police Fire Hospitals Poison Control Schools Parents at Work Others who might help you

20. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs20 Questions to Ask 911 Personnel When a call is made how does the 911 Center know where the call is coming from? What information does the caller need to give the 911 Center What is a 911 call versus a call for information about help Can you think of some other questions?

21. Chapter 3- When an Emergency Occurs21 Emergency Service Offices 911 Center Sheriff Dept Mobile Unit dispatch to coordinate efforts Disaster War-room to house FEMA Federal Emergency Officials, State, County, City Personnel, Back up Power Systems.