LCMPT/LCGFT Training MOUG 2015 Beth Iseminger (Harvard University) Nancy Lorimer (Stanford University, in absentia) Thomas Pease (Library of Congress) Kevin Kishimoto (University of Chicago) Casey Mullin (Stanford University) Hermine Vermeij (UCLA) Janis Young (Library of Congress)
URL: www.classificationweb.net ClassWeb guest access URL: www.classificationweb.net Username: trainer1 Password: library
Overview Part I Background (Genre/form in general, status of projects) Overview (The new music vocabularies, faceting, highlights) Part II Best practices (LCMPT and LCGFT) Break! Part III Examples Exercises Part IV Genres and library systems Existing subject headings LCMPT and RDA Procedures for submitting new terms
PART I
Background and Overview Janis L. Young Policy and Standards Division Library of Congress
Examples Score of The Four Seasons Recording of The Four Seasons Concertos; Scores Book about The Four Seasons
Genre or Form? Genre: a category of works that is characterized by a similar plot, theme, setting, situation, or characters Adventure Detective and mystery Western Form: a category of works with a particular format or purpose Encyclopedia Poetry Suite
Genres and Forms in LCSH LCSH has always included genres and forms Form headings Constitutions Symphonies Topographic maps Waltzes War films Form subdivisions $v Biography $v Exhibitions $v Fake books $v Maps $v Scores and parts
Genres and Forms in LCSH Computer cannot distinguish between form and topical headings Coding is identical (650 field) Form headings can often be used as topics We expect users to distinguish between works of a genre or form and works about it
Genres and Forms in LCSH Examples Old time music Proverbs Spanish language—Dictionaries Spanish language—Lexicography Waltzes Waltz —History and criticism —History and criticism
LCGFT Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials Coded in a dedicated MARC field (655) Allows computers to distinguish between a topic and a genre/form New interfaces are able to provide specialized limits and searches Result sets match the users’ needs
LCGFT Projects “Finished” Ongoing Moving images Non-musical sound recordings Cartography Law Ongoing General terms Music Literature Religion Art
Music Genre/Form Project Collaboration between the Library of Congress and MLA’s Bibliographic Control Committee, Form/Genre Task Force Task Force formed in 2009 567 proposals approved on February 13, 2015
Mediums of Performance Some LCSH form headings consist of, or include, musical mediums of performance Suites (Bassoon, clarinet, flute, horn, oboe with string orchestra) Operas—Vocal scores with continuo Bassoon, clarinet, trumpet with orchestra Violin and cello music
Mediums of Performance LCMPT: Library of Congress Medium of Performance Thesaurus for Music Collaboration between LC and BCC’s Subject Access Subcommittee Over 800 terms were approved in February 2014
Mediums of Performance LCMPT: Library of Congress Medium of Performance Thesaurus for Music Coded in 382 field of bibliographic and authority records Principal goal is access, but may also be used for RDA medium of performance element
Demographic Groups Some LCSH form headings include characteristics of the creator or of the intended audience Arabic language—Textbooks for foreign speakers—English Children’s songs Prisoners’ writings Short stories, American
Demographic Groups LCDGT: Library of Congress Demographic Group Terms MARC coding 385 field: audience characteristics 386 field: creator/contributor characteristics Undertaken by PSD with assistance of the ALA/CaMMS Subject Access Committee Small pilot vocabulary available in early summer 2015
Demographic Groups LCDGT: Library of Congress Demographic Group Terms To be assigned When the audience is clearly stated When the creator or contributor self-identifies A German textbook for English speakers An American composer
FACETED VOCABULARIES
Facets Merriam-Webster online dictionary Facet: def. 2: Any of the definable aspects that make up a subject (as of contemplation) or an object (as of consideration) Synonyms: angle, aspect, hand, phase, side
Facets Simplify discovery Commercial web sites have been using it for years Allow users to “drill through” individual facets to limit their searches Individual facets can be searched and also used as search limits
Facets Each vocabulary describes a distinct aspect of a work Coding each aspect separately allows for more flexibility and precision in searching
Facets Example: A collection of short stories about vampires written for teenagers by a French woman Audience: Teenagers Creator: French people; Women Genres/forms: Paranormal fiction; Short stories Subject: Vampires
Facets Each vocabulary is faceted An authorized term represents one aspect Terms do not overlap in meaning Concerto scores Scores for concertos Concertos Scores
Faceting Each vocabulary is faceted Coding LCGFT: repeated field 655 LCMPT: repeated subfields in field 382 Subfield $a: medium of performance Subfield $b: soloist Subfield $d: doubling instrument Subfield $p: alternative medium of performance LCDGT: repeated $a in fields 385, 386
Faceting 100 1# $a Vivaldi, Antonio, $d 1678-1741. 240 10 $a Cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione. $k Selections; $o arranged 245 14 $a The seasons / $c Antonio Vivaldi ; arranged for concertante harpsichord, transverse flute and viola da gamba by Joseph Kimbel. 300 ## $a 1 score (iii, 66 pages) ; $c 23 x 31 cm + $a 2 parts ; $c 31 cm 650 #0 $a Trios (Harpsichord, flute, viola da gamba), Arranged $v Scores and parts.
Faceting 100 1# $a Vivaldi, Antonio, $d 1678-1741. 240 10 $a Cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione. $k Selections 245 14 $a The seasons / $c Antonio Vivaldi ; arranged for concertante harpsichord, transverse flute and viola da gamba by Joseph Kimbel. 300 ## $a 1 score (iii, 66 pages) ; $c 23 x 31 cm + $a 2 parts ; $c 31 cm 382 01 $a harpsichord $n 1 $a flute $n 1 $a viola de gamba $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt 655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Arrangements (Music) $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Parts (Music) $2 lcgft
Faceting 100 1# $a Vivaldi, Antonio, $d 1678-1741. 240 10 $a Cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione. $k Selections 245 14 $a The seasons / $c Antonio Vivaldi ; arranged for concertante harpsichord, transverse flute and viola da gamba by Joseph Kimbel. 300 ## $a 1 score (iii, 66 pages) ; $c 23 x 31 cm + $a 2 parts ; $c 31 cm 382 01 $a harpsichord $n 1 $a flute $n 1 $a viola de gamba $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt 386 ## $a Italians $a Men $2 lcdgt 655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Arrangements (Music) $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Parts (Music) $2 lcgft
Status of Music Projects Music genre/form terms Still negotiating approximately a hundred proposed terms Terms will appear on monthly Tentative Lists PSD is not accepting proposals for new or revised terms at this time Announcement of LC implementation is forthcoming Medium of performance terms Accepting proposals through the SACO Music Funnel LC implemented in spring 2014
Impact on LCSH No immediate impact All form headings and form subdivisions remain valid Application Non-musical works: continue to assign subject headings as always, in addition to terms from LCGFT Musical works: begin to assign LCMPT and LCGFT if appropriate; may continue to assign LCSH form headings for now
Impact on LCSH Future plans Existing bibliographic records will be updated Music form headings not used for works about music will be cancelled Music form subdivisions will be cancelled if used only with a form heading
Availability of Records LCGFT Classification Web Free PDF: http://www.loc.gov/aba/ LC’s authorities website: http://authorities.loc.gov LC’s Linked Data Service: http://id.loc.gov LC’s MARC Distribution Service Subject- Authorities product
Availability of Records LCMPT Classification Web Free PDF: http://www.loc.gov/aba/ LC’s Linked Data Service: http://id.loc.gov LCMPT free downloads page: http://classificationweb.net/LCMPT/
The New Music Vocabularies Beth Iseminger Harvard University
History and Groups Library of Congress Music Library Association BCC Genre/Form Task Force Music Library Association BCC Subject Access Subcommittee Began working with Gerry Ostrove from PSD Genre TF 2009, membership Subjects 2011, Hermine chair
Definitions Used by the Task Force Genre A class, type, or category, sanctioned by convention Form The constructive or organizing element in music Medium of performance The voices, instruments, and other entities necessary to perform a piece Includes instruments, instrumental ensembles, vocal types and ranges, vocal ensembles, mixed ensembles, and objects used as instruments
Early Process Review existing LCSH terms and add any missing terms Add new terms from reference sources New Grove 2nd edition Garland Encyclopedia of World Music
Sources Used by the Task Force Including IAML code list, Oxford Companion to musical instruments, RILM thesaurus, Allmusic
Examples of Terms Found Outside of LCSH from the wiki
Lots of Terms! Using these sources resulted in huge lists of terms, especially for world music genres and instruments The project scope was therefore narrowed to include only LCSH terms, with a few exceptions Long lists might be useful for different project at some point
Decisions Made To separate genre/form and medium facets when they were combined in one LCSH heading To simplify the syntax for medium terms by eliminating the word “music” “violin” not “Violin music” No phrases like “X music” “Violin music” just “violin”
Separating Facets Move from pre-coordinated strings to post-coordinated facets Medium indexed separately, not as part of a string violin 1 / piano 1 Sonatas (Violin and piano) Other facets also separated – language, geography, nationality Post-coordinating these facets offers granularity Necessary in linked data environment ALA Subcommittee on Genre Form Implementation working on vocabs for facets, and on MARC, systems issues
Facets for Music Genre Bluegrass music / Musique concrète Form Dastgāhs / Motets / Symphonies Medium of performance Soprano voice / Viola / Zither Format Vocal scores Associated place/Geography Kenya / Florence, Italy / Middle West Date of work/Time period 1824 Numeric designation op. 125 Key D minor Language French Audience Children’s songs Subject John Henry (Legendary character)
Facets for Creators Class of persons Music by gay composers Ethnicity of the creator Music by African American composers Gender of the creator Music by women composers Nationality of the creator Music by French composers
Using Facets Simpler to identify individual facets; easier for training Ex. vocal score of a song for soprano and orchestra Identify medium = soprano with piano Identify genre = song ; arrangement Identify format = vocal score Assign faceted terms: 1 soprano, 1 piano, Songs, Arrangements (Music), Vocal scores Versus the string: “Songs (High voice) with orchestra $v Vocal scores with piano”
Displaying Facets – Chamber Music Medium
Displaying Facets – Alternate Medium
Displaying Facets – Medium versus Subject
Using Multiple Facets From Ball State University’s Media Finders
Music LCGFT Terms Hermine Vermeij UCLA
Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms (LCGFT) LCGFT has been around for a while, but the music terms were just added … last week! 567 terms in the first release, with some more in the pipeline.
LCGFT Hierarchy – Top Terms Music Accompaniments (Music) Arrangements (Music) Art music Chants Dramatic music Folk music Functional music Glitch music Humorous music Medleys (Music) Notated music Popular music Sacred music Songs Sound art Teaching pieces (Music) World music Terms in gray have not yet been added to the vocabulary, but are either scheduled for release or still under discussion. The addition of Art music was a bit contentious, but “Music” really meant two things in LCSH; general music and art music. We wanted to make those two more explicit. We tried to work mostly within the three groups of Art, Folk, and Popular. But, for example, songs and dramatic music can be art, folk, or popular, so they become one of the broadest terms under Music. Functional music is genres and forms initially created for specific purposes—dances, rituals, etc. A few top terms ended up here because they didn’t fit in anywhere else—Glitch music, Humorous music, Sound art. We’re still trying to figure out what World music is, but it seems to be a useful descriptor for some music.
LCGFT – Art music Art music Aʼak Aleatory music Anthems Ballades (Instrumental music) Barcaroles Cadenzas Canons (Music) Cantatas Carnatic music Chamber music Chinese operas Chorale preludes Concert etudes Concertos Dastgāhs Dialogues (Music) Fanfares Finales (Music) Fugues Gagaku Hát ả đào Hát bội Heike biwa Hindustani music Honkyoku Interludes Kacapi-suling Malhūn Ma'lūf Maqāmāt (Iraqi music) Microtonal music Minimal music Monologues (Music) Musique concrète Nhạ̣c tài tứ Nō music Oratorios Organ masses Overtures Partimenti Pastoral music Phlēng thao Preludes (Music) Program music Quodlibets Ragas Rhapsodies (Music) Romances (Music) Rondos Scherzos Sicilianas (Music) Sonatas Song cycles Songs without words (Instrumental music) Soundscapes (Music) Spectral music Stochastic music Suites Symphonies Taech’wit’a Text-sound compositions Third stream (Music) Toccatas Variations (Music) Vọng cố Delving a little deeper into a few of the hierarchies. Obviously Art music has a lot of narrower terms, including some very common ones we’re all familiar with like Concertos, Sonatas, and Symphonies.
LCGFT – Dramatic music Dramatic music Ballad operas Ballets (Music) Bangsawan Barong (Music) Ch’anggŭk Chinese operas Congadas (Music) Dialogues (Music) Entremés (Music) Hát bội Hát chèo (Music) Hira gasy Incidental music Katarimono Kecak (Music) Liturgical dramas (Music) Madrigal comedies Masques (Music) Melodramas Modern dance music Monologues (Music) Motion picture music Musical theater Musicals Nāḍagam Operas Oratorios P’ansori Pantomimes (Music) Rappresentazioni sacre (Music) Revues Serenatas Wayang music Dramatic music has a lot of gray terms, mostly because many of these are performing arts that overlap with other subject areas; they will eventually be addressed.
LCGFT – Folk music Folk music Aleke Blues (Music) Cajun music Calpyso (Music) Celtic music Congadas (Music) Flamenco music Folk dance music Folk-rock music Folk songs Gaitas (Venezuelan music) Guaguancós Hát chèo Huaylas (Music) Huaynos Isicathamiya Klezmer music Kolos (Music) Kuyis Maloya (Music) Mandó Mariachi (Music) Morris dances (Music) Mouth music Música sertaneja Nāḍagam Norteño (Music) Old-time music Palos (Music) P’ansori Plenas Polkabilly music Rebetika Sanjo Schrammelmusik Soca (Music) Sones Soukous (Music) Square dance music Tejano music Vallenato (Music) You’ll notice that Folk music from all cultures and ethnicities are grouped together;
LCGFT – Notated music Notated music Musical sketches Part books Parts (Music) Scores Service books (Music) Songbooks Tune-books These are all terms you might have seen as subdivisions of LCSH terms in the catalog; using LCGFT they will be separated.
LCGFT – Popular music Popular music Mandó (Music) Mangue (Music) Agbadja modern (Music) Arabesk (Popular music) Bachata Bailā (Music) Banda (Music) Beatboxing Bhangra (Music) Bikutsi Blues (Music) Boogaloos (Music) Bossa nova (Music) Brega (Music) Cajun music Calypso (Music) Campursari Candombes (Music) Cavachas (Music) Celtic music Chaabi Champeta (Music) Chanchona (Music) Chicha Choros Chutney (Music) Country music Cover versions Cumbia (Music) Dangdut Dansi (Music) Danzones (Music) Disco (Music) Electronica (Music) Enka Forró (Music) Fuji (Music) Funana (Music) Funk (Music) Gaitas (Venezuelan music) Gospel music Gumbé (Music) Habaneras (Music) High-life (Music) Huaylas (Music) Huaynos Jazz Jingles (Advertising songs) Juju music Kanto (Popular music) Karaoke Kaskawi (Music) Keroncong Klezmer music Konkoma Kwaito Kwaya Latin pop Lounge music Lundus Makossa (Music) Maloya (Music) Mandó (Music) Mangue (Music) Mariachi (Music) Mbalax Mbaqanga Mchiriku Minstrel music Modinhas Mornas (Music) Murgas Música sertaneja Música tropical New Age music Norteño (Music) Old-time music Ragtime music Rai (Music) Rap (Music) Rapso Rebetika Reggae music Remixes (Music) Rhythm and blues music Rock music Rocksteady (Music) Rumbas (Music) Salsa (Music) Schrammelmusik Ska (Music) Skiffle Sones Soukous (Music) Soul music Steampunk music Swamp pop music Taraab (Music) Tejano music Timba (Music) Tropicália (Music) Tspapiky (Music) Turbo-folk (Music) Vallenato (Music) Waila music Worldbeat (Music) Zouk (Music) Zydeco music Lots and lots of popular music genres! The hierarchy is a bit shallow here, except for a few deeper areas like Jazz and Rock music, which have a lot of narrower terms.
LCGFT – Other hierarchies Derivative works Arrangements (Music) llustrated works Fingering charts Informational works Thematic catalogs Instructional and educational works Master classes Teaching pieces Literature Librettos Sound recordings Cover versions Human sounds Player piano accompaniments Remixes (Music) Samplers (Sound recordings) Some terms were identified that fit into already exiting hierarchies like Information works, Instructional and educational works, and Sound recordings.
Highlights of the Vocabularies Thom Pease Library of Congress
Top Terms Music Art music Dramatic music Chants Functional music Folk music Popular music Popular music Sacred music World music Songs Sound art Arrangements (Music)
New Terms Filling gaps in the hierarchy (Art music, Event music, Functional music, Notated music) Split and separated terms Some new terms (which have literary warrant and scope notes) New terms to replace former form subdivisions Examples: Preludes, Sea chanteys (vs. Sea songs)
Split terms Rounds (Music) Canons (Music) Fugues
What’s not there Psalms and other texts of sacred music not considered forms. Still there: Masses, Requiems Headings denoting medium of performance and/or the number of instruments (Quartets, nonets and String quartets, Piano trios, Woodwind quintets) Terms which just meant popular music or folk music, etc. of a particular country or region.
Passionate discussions Lots of terms with implicit facets to them (Nations, ethnicities, time periods, language, audience & creator/contributor characteristics) Many terms inherently instrumental or vocal. The loss of cross-references under pre-coordinated strings, and their narrower terms. Narrower definitions of terms long in use
Taking Chances Performing arts terms Event and expression terms Other general terms proposed Event and expression terms Master classes, Concerts, recitals, Benefit performances, Concert tours, etc.
Form terms Antiphonaries Kyriales Lead sheets Missals (Service books) Parts (Music) Thematic catalogs (Music) Tune books
Those that didn’t make it DESPAIR NOT! More tentative and approved lists to come. New terms can be proposed, hierarchies can be changed, and existing terms can be changed. Collaborating with other groups to fill in the hierarchy for terms that border music and are multi-disciplinary
Issues to work through Expression and manifestation terms Terms which overlap with other projects Performing arts & visual arts, multimedia terms. Events vs. terms in SR/MI hierarchies Just ran out of time to get everything in before the deadline.
PART II
Best Practices for using LCMPT Kevin Kishimoto University of Chicago
Provisional Best Practices for Using LCMPT (April 7, 2014, with corrections May 16, 2014) prepared by MLA Subject Access Subcommittee PDF on BCC website under “Resources”
LCMPT hierarchy performer ensemble visuals
LCMPT hierarchy performer ensemble visuals voice instrument aerophone wind instrument woodwind instrument reed instrument single reed instrument
LCMPT hierarchy performer ensemble visuals single reed instrument saxophone clarinet alto saxophone
LCMPT hierarchy performer ensemble visuals singer male voice high voice tenor voice soprano voice
LCMPT hierarchy performer ensemble visuals instrument aerophone keyboard instrument organ
LCMPT hierarchy performer ensemble visuals audience continuo electronics
MARC 382
LCMPT terms Choose most specific LCMPT term Use term as it appears in LCMPT not capitalized in most cases singular in most cases
382 indicators 382 0# for authority records ***bib records only 382 0# for authority records 382 01 for bibliographic records
$a = Medium of performance 382 01 $a piano 382 01 $a flute $a piano 382 01 $a mixed chorus $a orchestra
$n = Number of performers of same medium 382 01 $a piano $n 1 382 01 $a flute $n 2 $a piano $n 1
$n = Number of performers of same medium 382 01 $a piano $n 1 382 01 $a flute $n 2 $a piano $n 1 ... but no $n for ensembles 382 01 $a mixed chorus $n $a orchestra $n future... 382 01 $a mixed chorus $e 2 $a orchestra $e 1
$n = Number of performers of same medium Do not enter $n if the number of performers is unknown or variable 382 01 $a singer $n 382 01 $a performer $n
$s = Total number of performers 382 01 $a piano $n 1 $s 1 382 01 $a flute $n 2 $a piano $n 1 $s 3 ... but no $s for ensembles 382 01 $a mixed chorus $a orchestra $s ... and no $s if total unknown or variable 382 01 $a performer $s
$2 lcmpt 382 01 $a piano $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a flute $n 2 $a piano $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a mixed chorus $a orchestra $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a performer $2 lcmpt
Determine medium of performance Choose term(s) from LCMPT Do not alter terms Use MARC 382 field Each term in separate $a Follow $a with number of performers in $n Total number of performers in $s after last $n $2 lcmpt
$b = Soloist 382 01 $b soprano voice $n 1 $a orchestra $2 lcmpt 382 01 $b violin $n 2 $a orchestra $2 lcmpt 382 01 $b cello $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 5 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a high voice $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
$d = Doubling instrument 382 01 $a flute $n 1 $d piccolo $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a soprano voice $n 1 $d vocal percussion $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a singer $n 1 $d guitar $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt
$p = Alternative medium of performance 382 01 $a soprano voice $n 1 $p tenor voice $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a flute $n 1 $p oboe $n 1 $p recorder $n 1 $p violin $n 1 $a harpsichord $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
Multiple 382s for alternatives work for string quartet OR string orchestra 382 01 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a string orchestra $2 lcmpt *alternative mediums of performance for a single work
Multiple 382s for “ad libitum” parts 382 01 $a soprano voice $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a soprano voice $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt *alternative mediums of performance for a single work
$v = Note 382 01 $a mixed chorus $v SATB $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a piano $n 2 $s 2 $v piano, 4 hands $2 lcmpt
Order of LCMPT Terms Use cataloger’s judgment score order? order listed on title page? other order?
First indicator 1 = Partial medium of performance 382 11 $a trumpet $n 1 $2 lcmpt
Standard chamber ensembles 382 01 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt string quartet 382 01 $a violin $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt piano trio 382 01 $a flute $n 1 $a oboe $n 1 $a clarinet $n 1 $a horn $n 1 $a bassoon $n 1 $s 5 $2 lcmpt wind quintet
Bi-level MOP 382 01 $a flute choir $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a piccolo $n 2 $a flute $n 8 $a alto flute $n 4 $a bass flute $n 2 $s 16 $2 lcmpt *same medium, two descriptions
Bi-level MOP 382 01 $a violin $n 1 $a continuo $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a violin $n 1 $a theorbo $n 1 $a organ $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a percussion $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a marimba $n 1 $d bass drum $n 1 $d triangle $n 1 $d cymbal $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt *same medium, two descriptions
Tri-level[?] MOP -- Spem in alium 382 01 $a singer $n 40 $s 40 $2 lcmpt [40 singers] 382 01 $a soprano voice $n 8 $a alto voice $n 8 $a tenor voice $n 8 $a baritone voice $n 8 $a bass voice $n 8 $s 40 $2 lcmpt [5 voice types, 8 singers each] 382 01 $a solo vocal ensemble $v SATBarB $e 8 $2 lcmpt [8 SATBarB vocal ensembles]
Topics still in flux instruments played not played with two hands continuo percussion electronics visuals
Casey Mullin Stanford University LCGFT Best Practices Casey Mullin Stanford University
Provisional Best Practices for Using LCGFT for Music Resources Even more provisional than the LCMPT best practices! Hot off the press; to be published shortly after MOUG/MLA meeting More detailed guidance will emerge as community application matures You are our guinea pigs. Get to work! LCMPT and LCGFT best practices eventually covered in forthcoming LC manual
MARC 655
MARC 655 $a (Genre/form term) $2 (Source of term) $2 lcgft Subdivisions ($v, $x, $y, $z) Do not use any subdivisions with LCGFT terms.
General guidelines Generally choose the most specific term available and appropriate. 655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft NOT 655 #7 $a Art music. $2 lcgft
General guidelines If the work being cataloged combines aspects of two genres/forms that are in different hierarchies, or exemplifies more than one genre/form, give multiple terms as appropriate. An art song: 655 #7 $a Songs. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Art music. $2 lcgft An album of pop songs: 655 #7 $a Popular music. $2 lcgft
General guidelines For notated music resources, assign one or more terms appropriate to the format of notated music, in addition to any genre/form terms describing the musical work. Generally observe the RDA definitions of these formats. A set of parts with score of a string quartet: 655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Parts (Music) $2 lcgft A solo piano work:
Art music and Folk music Do not use the terms “Art music” or “Folk music” for the music of cultures that have no art/folk music division. Use “Art music” for works of art music that cannot be described using more specific terms in the Art music hierarchy, and for works of art music otherwise described by terms that are not in the Art music hierarchy (e.g., Songs, Dance music). A bourrée for harpsichord: 655 #7 $a Bourrées (Music) $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Art music. $2 lcgft
Chamber music Use “Chamber music” (or one of its narrower terms) for works of art music for 2 or more performers whose medium is described in terms of individual instruments/voices and/or by unspecified ensemble terms (e.g., “bowed string ensemble”). Generally do not use “Chamber music” for: Works for larger ensembles (e.g., orchestra, band, chorus) Art songs with piano Music for solo performers No scope note; use judgment in edge cases! Did we mention the “provisional” part? There is of course a gray area with larger ensembles. Hence, “generally.”
Use with LCSH Until LCGFT terms are fully implemented and a method for converting genre and medium of performance terms currently coded as LCSH: Use LCMPT terms in 382 Use LCGFT terms in 655 Continue to use LCSH terms (Genre/form, medium of performance & mixed headings) in 650 field according to the guidelines in the Subject Headings Manual 382 01 $b bassoon $n 1 $a orchestra $e 1 $2 lcmpt 650 #0 $a Concertos (Bassoon) 655 #7 $a Concertos .$2 lcgft 382 01 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt 650 #0 $a String quartets. 655 #7 $a Chamber music. $2 lcgft You’re going to hear this multiple times today, but it bears repeating.
Use of LCMPT and LCGFT in cataloging Hermine Vermeij UCLA
Where will I be seeing these things? Bibliographic records Authority records
Bibliographic Records 380 ## $a [Genre/form term] $2 lcgft 382 01 $a [Medium of performance term] $2 lcmpt 655 #7 $a [Genre/form term] $2 lcgft
Authority Records 380 ## $a [Genre/form term] $2 lcgft 382 0# $a [Medium of performance term] $2 lcmpt
Where do I access the vocabularies? Classification Web
Connexion (G/F only)
id.loc.gov
So I have to do extra work? Yes, for now. Still assigning subject headings to musical works in addition to genre/form and medium of performance terms. Eventually, we will not be assigning LCSH to musical works unless they are topical subjects.
Typical bib record for a score 100 1# $a Telemann, Georg Philipp, $d 1681-1767, $e composer. 240 10 $a Concertos, $m flute, string orchestra, $n TWV 51:G1, $r G major … 382 01 $b flute $n 1 $a string orchestra $e 1 $2 lcmpt 650 #0 $a Concertos (Flute with string orchestra) $v Scores. 655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft
Typical authority record for a work 046 ## $k 1936 100 1# $a Prokofiev, Sergey, $d 1891-1953. $t Detskie pesni 380 1# $a Songs $2 lcgft 382 0# $a singer $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt …
What if I don’t know what to do when [insert crazy situation here]? Check LCMPT and LCGFT best practices Take a guess! Or start a conversation on an email list This is new for all of us, and we’re trying to figure out where the holes are. Your problem might eventually make its way into the next version of best practices.
BREAK!
Part III
Examples
Example – Bi-level 382 assignment
Example – Bi-level 382 assignment 100 1_ Nelson, Oliver, $d 1932-1975, $e composer, $e arranger of music. 245 10 Flute salad : $b a terrific addition to any program : as recorded on "Sound pieces" by the Oliver Nelson Orchestra / $c composed and arranged by Oliver Nelson ; edited by Robert Curnow. 382 01 big band $2 lcmpt 382 01 flute $n 4 $a alto saxophone $n 2 $a tenor saxophone $n 2 $a baritone saxophone $n 1 $a bass clarinet $n 1 $a trumpet $n 2 $d flugelhorn $n 2 $a trumpet $n 2 $a trombone $n 3 $a bass trombone $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $a electric guitar $n 1 $a double bass $n 1 $a drum set $n 1 $s 22 $2 lcmpt 500 __ For jazz band (4 flutes (optional), 5 saxophones, bass clarinet (optional), 4 trumpets (2 doubling flugelhorn), 4 trombones, piano, guitar (optional), bass, and drums). 650 _0 Big band music $v Scores and parts. 650 _0 Jazz $y 1961-1970. 655 _7 Jazz. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Scores. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Parts (Music) $2 lcgft 2nd 382 especially useful since complement of big band is not standard Optional instruments described in 500 note. Could also make a 382 without the optional instruments, or with some of the optional instruments. A rabbit hole! Can bring out the time period by giving date of work in 046.
Example #1: Popular music 245 10 Super Afro soul [sound recording] / Orlando Julius. 382 01 $a singer $n 1 $a instrumental ensemble $e 1 $2 lcmpt $a Previously released selections from his 1966 debut album (Strut Records). 511 0 $a Orlando Julius, vocals ; with accompanying musicians. 650 _0 $a Popular music $z Nigeria $y 1961-1970. 655 _7 $a Afrobeat. $2 lcgft 655_7 $a Popular music. $2 lcgft 655 _7 $a Highlife (Music) $2 lcgft
Example #2: Popular music 245 00 $a Dos grandes de Sinaloa [sound recording]. 650 _0 $a Popular music $a Mexico $y 1991-2000. 650 _0 $a Banda (Music) 655 _7 $a Popular music. $a lcgft 655 _7 $a Banda (Music) $2 lcgft
Example: Ethnic Medium and Associated Place 245 00 $a Spiridon 382 01 $a Jew’s harp $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt 370 __ $c Russia (Federation) $f Sakha (Russia) $2 lcsh 500 __ Traditional khomus music from Sakha province, Russia. 650 _0 Folk music $z Russia (Federation) $z Sakha. 655 _7 Folk music. $2 lcgft My best guess at the 370
Example: Ethnic Medium and Associated Place 245 00 $a Urban music of the Edo period (1603-1868) 370 __ $c Japan $2 lcsh 382 01 $a shakuhachi $n 1 $a shamisen $n 1 $a koto $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt 500 __ $a Classical music from Japan for shakuhachi, shamisen, and koto. 650 _0 $a Music $z Japan. 655 _7 $a Art music. $2 lcgft I think this use of Art music is appropriate.
Example: No genre 100 1# $a Tanguy, Eric, $e composer. 240 10 $a Duet, $m flute, clarinet 245 10 $a Duo pour flûte & clarinette en si bémol (1994) / $c Eric Tanguy. … 382 01 $a flute $n 1 $a clarinet $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt 650 #0 $a Clarinet and flute music $v Scores. 655 #7 $a Chamber music. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works 245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos. ... 505 0# Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et b.c. / Fasch -- Cassation pour luth obligé, violon et violoncelle / Haydn -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons et violoncelle / Kohaut -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et violoncelle / Hagen.
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works 245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos. ... 505 0# Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et b.c. / Fasch -- Cassation pour luth obligé, violon et violoncelle / Haydn -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons et violoncelle / Kohaut -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et violoncelle / Hagen. 382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a continuo $2 lcmpt 655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works 245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos. ... 505 0# Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et b.c. / Fasch -- Cassation pour luth obligé, violon et violoncelle / Haydn -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons et violoncelle / Kohaut -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et violoncelle / Hagen. 382 01 $a baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt 655 #7 $a Suites. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works 245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos. ... 505 0# Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et b.c. / Fasch -- Cassation pour luth obligé, violon et violoncelle / Haydn -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons et violoncelle / Kohaut -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et violoncelle / Hagen. 382 01 $a baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt 655 #7 $a Suites. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works 245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos. ... 505 0# Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et b.c. / Fasch -- Cassation pour luth obligé, violon et violoncelle / Haydn -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons et violoncelle / Kohaut -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et violoncelle / Hagen. 382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a cello $n 1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt 655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works 245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos. ... 505 0# Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et b.c. / Fasch -- Cassation pour luth obligé, violon et violoncelle / Haydn -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons et violoncelle / Kohaut -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et violoncelle / Hagen. 382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 5 $2 lcmpt 655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works 245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos. ... 382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a continuo $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a cello $n 1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 5 $2 lcmpt 655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Suites. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works 245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos. ... 382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a continuo $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a cello $n 1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 5 $2 lcmpt 650 #0 Concertos (Lute with instrumental ensemble) 650 #0 Suites (Lute, violin, cello) 650 #0 Concertos (Lute with string ensemble) 655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Suites. $2 lcgft
Exercises
Exercise 100 1# $a Paganini, Nicolò, $d 1782-1840, $e composer. 245 10 Sonata concertata : $b per chitarra e violino : M.S.2 / $c Niccolò Paganini. ... 382 __________ 650 __________ 655 __________
Exercise 100 1# $a Paganini, Nicolò, $d 1782-1840, $e composer. 245 10 Sonata concertata : $b per chitarra e violino : M.S.2 / $c Niccolò Paganini. ... 382 01 $a guitar $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt 650 #0 Sonatas (Violin and guitar) $v Scores. 655 #7 Sonatas. $2 lcgft 655 #7 Scores. $2 lcgft
Exercise 100 1# Piazzolla, Astor, $e composer. 245 10 Histoire du tango : $b pour flûte et guitare / $c Astor Piazzolla. ... 382 __________ 650 __________ 655 __________
Exercise 100 1# Piazzolla, Astor, $e composer. 245 10 Histoire du tango : $b pour flûte et guitare / $c Astor Piazzolla. ... 382 01 $a flute $n 1 $a guitar $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt 650 #0 Tangos $v Scores. 650 #0 Flute and guitar music $v Scores. 655 #7 Tangos (Music) $2 lcgft 655 #7 Art music. $2 lcgft 655 #7 Scores. $2 lcgft
Exercise #1: Popular music 245 10 Love celebration devotion [sound recording] : live in concert / Maria Bethânia. $a Recorded live, Vivo Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Mar. 12-13, 2010. 650 _0 $a Popular music |z Brazil |y 2001-2010. 650 _0 $a Songs, Portuguese. 655 _7 $a _______________. $2 ____
Another exercise: Popular music 245 10 $a Broadway, USA! Vol. 5, Little bit gay [sound recording] : gay musical / music and lyrics by Cude & Pickens. 650 _0 $a Revues. 650 _0 $a Gay men $v Songs and music. 655 _7 $a _____________. $2 ____
Broadway, USA! (answers) 245 10 $a Broadway, USA! Vol. 5, Little bit gay [sound recording] : gay musical / music and lyrics by Cude & Pickens. 650 _0 $a Revues. 650 _0 $a Gay men $v Songs and music. 655 _7 $a _Revues. $2 lcgft_
Exercise #3 245 00 $a Sounds from a bygone age. Vol. 3, Dona Dumitru Siminica. 518 $a Recorded in the early 1960s at Electrecord Studio, Romania. 650 _0 $a Popular music $z Romania $y 1961-1970. 655 _7 $a __________. $2 ____
Exercise #3 (answers) 245 00 $a Sounds from a bygone age. Vol. 3, Dona Dumitru Siminica. 518 $a Recorded in the early 1960s at Electrecord Studio, Romania. 650 _0 $a Popular music $z Romania $y 1961-1970. 655 _7 $a _Popular music.
Exercise #4 (slide #1) 245 10 $a At home with friends [sound recording]. 511 0_ $a Joshua Bell, violin ; with various featured performers. $a Recorded Apr.-Aug. 2009. 505 0_ $a I loves you Porgy |r (featuring Chris Botti, trumpet) -- |t Come again |r (featuring Sting, vocals) -- |t Oblivión |r (featuring Carel Kraayenhof, bandoneon) -- |t Cinema Paradiso |r (featuring Josh Groban, vocals) -- |t Para tí |r (featuring Tiempo Libre) -- |t My funny Valentine |r (featuring Kristin Chenoweth, vocals) -- |t Maybe so |r (featuring Edgar Meyer, double bass, Sam Bush, mandolin, and Mike Marshall, guitar) …[etc.]
Exercise #4 (slide #2) 650 _0 $a Popular music $y 2001-2010. 650 _0 $a Jazz $y 2001-2010. 650 _0 $a Chamber music. 655 _7 $a _____________. $2 ____ 655 _7 $a ______________. $2 _____
Exercise #4 (answers) 650 _0 $a Popular music $y 2001-2010. 650 _0 $a Jazz $y 2001-2010. 650 _0 $a Chamber music. 655 _7 $a _Popular music. $2 _lcgft_ 655 _7 $a _Jazz. $2 _lcgft____ 655 _7 $a _Chamber music. $2 _lcgft_
Exercise – Art music compilation
Exercise – Art music compilation 100 1_ Bridge, Frank, $e composer. 245 10 Early chamber music / $c Frank Bridge. 505 0_ String sextet in E flat major (1906-12) (27:02) -- Lament for two violas (1912) (8:51) -- String quintet in E minor (1901) (30:07). 650 _0 String sextets (Violins (2), violas (2), cellos (2)) 650 _0 String quintets (Violins (2), violas (2), cello) 650 _0 Viola music (Violas (2))
Exercise – Art music compilation 382 01 $a ___________ $2 lcmpt 655 _7 $3 1st work: $a ___________. $2 lcgft 655 _7 $3 2nd work: $a ___________. $2 lcgft 655 _7 $3 3rd work: $a ___________. $2 lcgft Showing just the new fields here.
Exercise – Art music compilation 382 01 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 2 $a cello $n 2 $s 2 $s 6 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a viola $n 2 $s 2 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 2 $a cello $n 1 $s 5 $2 lcmpt 655 _7 $a Chamber music. $2 lcgft 655 _7 $3 2nd work: $a ___________. $2 lcgft 655 _7 $3 3rd work: $a ___________. $2 lcgft But not Art music! Why?
Exercise: Extra credit 1 100 0# $a Raffi, $e composer, $e performer. 245 10 $a Baby beluga. 300 ## $a 1 audio disc ; $c 4 3/4 in. 385 ## ______________ 650 #0 $a Children’s songs. 655 #7 ______________
Exercise: Extra credit 1 (answers) 100 0# $a Raffi, $e composer, $e performer. 245 10 $a Baby beluga. 300 ## $a 1 audio disc ; $c 4 3/4 in. 385 ## $a Children $2 lcsh [a potential solution] 650 #0 $a Children’s songs. 655 #7 $a Songs. $2 lcgft
Exercise: Extra credit 2 046 ## ______________ 245 00 $a Masterpieces of French harpsichord music. 300 ## $a 1 audio disc ; $c 4 3/4 in. 370 ## ______________ 382 01 ______________ 388 2# ______________ 650 #0 $a Harpsichord music $z France $y 18th century. 655 #7 ______________
Exercise: Extra credit 2 (answers) 046 ## $k 18 245 00 $a Masterpieces of French harpsichord music. 300 ## $a 1 audio disc ; $c 4 3/4 in. 370 ## $g France $2 naf [a potential solution] 382 01 $a harpsichord $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt 388 2# $a 18th century [a potential solution] 650 #0 $a Harpsichord music $z France $y 18th century. 655 #7 $a Chamber music. $2 lcgft
Exercise: Ethnic music 245 00 $a Andes : $b les flûtes du soleil. 300 ## $a 1 audio disc ; $c 4 3/4 in. 370 ## ________________________ 382 11 ________________________ 386 ## ________________________ 500 ## $a Principally instrumental folk music featuring Andean flutes. 650 #0 $a Folk music $z Andes Region. 650 #0 $a Folk songs, Spanish $z Andes Region. 650 #0 $a Indians of South America $a Andes Region $v Music. 650 #0 $a Panpipes ensembles. 655 #7 ________________________
Exercise: Ethnic music (answers) 245 00 $a Andes : $b les flûtes du soleil. 300 ## $a 1 audio disc ; $c 4 3/4 in. 370 ## $g Andes Region $2 naf [a potential solution] 382 11 $a panpipes ensemble $2 lcmpt 386 ## $a Indians of South America $2 lcsh [a potential solution] 500 ## $a Principally instrumental folk music featuring Andean flutes. 650 #0 $a Folk music $z Andes Region. 650 #0 $a Folk songs, Spanish $z Andes Region. 650 #0 $a Indians of South America $a Andes Region $v Music. 650 #0 $a Panpipes ensembles. 655 #7 $a Folk music. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Folk songs. $2 lcgft
Part IV
LCGFT & LCMPT in Library Systems
LCGFT & LCMPT in Library Systems Display Indexing Facets Search Since the development of the LCGFT and LCMPT vocabularies is fairly recent, and their use is not yet totally widespread, many library catalogs are not set up to use them to their full potential. One thing I’ve learned from my local shop is the development of the system itself tends to lag behind the use of new data because coders like to have actual data to use during the programming process. Unfortunately this is a chicken and egg situation. Should the data be created without any practical application, or should the program be developed to promote the use of the data? Sometimes it takes a leap of faith, usually taken by us catalogers, to get things started. There are four areas of the library system which must be developed in order to take full advantage of these new music vocabularies: display, indexing, facets, and search. I will talk a little about each of these aspects and give my thoughts on how systems COULD be developed. Much of what I am about to tell you is really personal opinion, perhaps based on very little actual knowledge of how library systems function. (I’m not a coder.) But these ideas are informed by conversations and committee work which I have undertaken with my local ILS staff.
Display How should LCGFT & LCMPT vocabularies look in the catalog record display? What data should be displayed? Where should it be displayed? Should this data also be displayed in results lists?
LCGFT Display (MARC 655) Locate near subject headings? Use display label “Genre / Form”? Display 655 $a Do not display 655 “$2 lcgft” Note: There are other genre / form thesauri (and non-thesaurus terms) which are also coded in 655. Some of these 655s contain subfields The display of LCGFT in the 655 field is fairly straightforward. ...
Here’s the bib record for the film Time Bandits as seen in the Stanford catalog. I’m using a motion picture bib record as an example because the music LCGFT terms were just published about a week ago, and I haven’t yet seen any music genre/form terms used in bib records. Maybe one of our other presenters have some examples to show us.
Scrolling down the page, we see that the subject headings and genre headings are separated, but next to each other.
Here’s the same BluRay videodisc in the University of Chicago catalog.
Scroll down, and we see that the subject headings and the genre/form headings combined under the same label “Subject.”
Here’s a screenshot from WorldCat, the old one Here’s a screenshot from WorldCat, the old one. Here, subject and genre/form have their own labels, but are located quite far from one another, separated by “Find a copy in the library”, which I had to compact in order to get both to appear on the same screen. Display decisions are difficult to make when screen real estate comes
But strangely, the newer WorldCat Discovery doesn’t distinguish between Subject and Genre/Form.
LCMPT Display (MARC 382) Location? Display constant? Order of MOP terms? Punctuation? The display of LCMPT data in the 382 field is quite a bit more complicated. This is due to the fact that there is a lot of data coded into a single MARC field. Compounding this is a usage in which subfields are repeated and subfield order is semantically important. Many, if not most, library catalogs do not yet even display MARC 382 data, but there are a few that do.
UCLA’s catalog displays “Medium of performance” right next to the subject headings.
Stanford lists “Instrumentation” immediately following the physical description (300 field data).
WorldCat Discovery places “Medium of performance” below the subjects.
But old-school WorldCat puts it further down the page, beneath the physical description.
LCMPT Display (MARC 382) Location? Near the genre / form terms? Near the physical description? Somewhere else? The question of where in the catalog record display to locate the medium of performance data is a complicated and controversial one to answer. Should the medium of performance be listed next to the genre/form terms, since they work together to describe the music (like our old current subject heading usage)? Or should MOP be placed somewhere else in the bib record display? For scores, the medium of performance is one of the most important pieces of information for users. Maybe if you have a really cool and ambitious systems person, you can convince her/him to locate the MOP data in a different spot depending upon the type of resource: score = near the top; audio = close to the genre/form headings. This question can only really be answered by you and your individual library.
LCMPT Display (MARC 382) Location? Display constant? “Medium of performance”? “Instrumentation”? “Performance medium”? “Performing forces”? “Partial medium of performance”? This second question is probably the least troublesome, which display constant is appropriate. Use a sensible term like “Medium of performance” or “Instrumentation.” Be aware that the phrase “medium of performance” may not be clear to many users, including many musicians. The term “instrumentation” may be more generally understood, but are singers included in instrumentation. And don’t forget when you code the first indicator 1 (instead of 0), this indicates a partial medium of performance.
LCMPT Display (MARC 382) Location? Display constant? Order of MOP terms? Display in order as coded in 382 Should soloists ($b) always be first? This question can probably be answered by saying: Display MOP terms in the order in which they are coded in the 382 field. This seems obvious to us as catalogers, who spend great energy making sure that MARC fields and subfields are in a certain logical order. But always be explicit with every instruction when talking with programmers, else they may think they are being efficient (or helping you) by ordering subfields alphabetically for display. However, one question which is important to address is the placement of the $b soloists. Should they always come first in the MOP?
LCMPT Display (MARC 382) Location? Display constant? Order of MOP terms? Punctuation / labels? The punctuation or labels used in display will probably be the most difficult to work out. We want to find the clearest, but also most concise, way to display the data contained in a MARC field which has no human-readable punctuation (besides that found in the note subfield). There are many options here; some of these ideas will take more development time (by programmers) to implement.
Number of performers ($n) No punctuation, just a space? violin 1 flute 2 guitar 4 $n in parentheses? violin(1) flute(2) guitar(4) $n preceding term? 1 violin 2 flute 4 guitar What if no $n? In the 382, the number of performers is coded in the $n following the medium term. There are several possible ways a catalog could display this number: no punctuation, just a space; surround the number in parentheses. One interesting possibility would be to program the catalog to display the number before the medium term. And if there is no $n, should the catalog simply display the term alone, or does this require some other indication?
Punctuation between $a or $b terms Comma? violin(1), flute(1), guitar(1) Semicolon? 4 guitar ; orchestra Pipe? electric guitar(1) | bass guitar(1) | drum set(1) Nothing but space? mixed chorus orchestra
Soloist ($b) “soloist: ” or “[soloist]”? soloist:oboe(1), band oboe(1)[soloist], band “solo”? solo violin(1) ; solo cello(1) ; orchestra “with”? soprano voice(1) with mixed chorus, orchestra No special indication? 1 piano, percussion ensemble
Alternative MOP ($p) “alternative” or “alternatively”? violin(1) alternatively flute(1), piano(1) “ or ”? violin(1) or flute(1), piano(1) “/”? violin(1)/flute(1), piano(1) Possibly drop $n from display after $p? violin(1) or flute, piano(1)
Doubling MOP ($d) “doubling”? flute(1) doubling piccolo(1), piano(1) “+” or “ & ” or “/”? flute(1)+piccolo(1), piano(1) flute(1) & piccolo(1), piano(1) flute(1)/piccolo(1), piano(1) Possibly drop $n from display after $d? flute(1)+piccolo, piano(1)
Note ($v) Display text as written Indicate note by some punctuation Parentheses or brackets? mixed chorus[SATB] piano(2)[piano, 4 hands] Comma? mixed chorus, SATB piano(2), piano, 4 hands
“Easiest”[?!?] recommendations Wrap subfields n in parentheses Wrap subfields v in square brackets Change all “$a” into “, ” Change all “$b” into “, solo ” Change all “$p” into “ or ” Change all “$d” into “+” Remove first comma ($a or $b preceding first term) Do not display subfields s or 2 Use a sensible display constant and location
Examples violin(2), viola(1), cello(1) solo soprano voice(1), mixed chorus[SATB] flute(1)+alto flute(1), piano(2)[piano, 4 hands] Partial medium of performance: violin(1) or flute(1) or oboe(1) * “Legacy” 382s (before publication of LCMPT and best practices) should display fine, although vocabulary will be different
Indexing How should LCGFT & LCMPT vocabularies be indexed to allow proper functionality? What data should be indexed? How should it be indexed?
LCGFT Indexing (MARC 655) Create a separate genre/form index? Index $a? Do not index $2 Other thesauri also present in 655
LCMPT Indexing (MARC 382) index1: MOP term alone (without number) $a Keyword index only? $v index2: MOP term and number together $a $n $b $n $d $n $p $n $a $e $p $e
LCMPT Indexing (MARC 382) Only index field if contains “$2 lcmpt” If no “$2 lcmpt”, index as keyword only? Do NOT index $2 Not sure what to do with $s
LCMPT Indexing (MARC 382) string quartet 382 0# $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt index1: “violin” “viola” “cello” index2: “violin 2” “viola 1” “cello 1”
LCMPT Indexing (MARC 382) piano trio 382 0# $a violin $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt index1: “violin” “cello” “piano” index2: “violin 1” “cello 1” “piano 1”
LCMPT Indexing (MARC 382) piano quintet: “violin” “viola” “cello” “piano” “violin 2” “viola 1” “cello 1” “piano 1” violin and piano: “violin” “piano” “violin 1” “piano 1” violin soloist with 4-hand piano accompaniment: “violin” “piano” “piano, 4 hands” “violin 1” “piano 2” piano duo: “piano” “piano 2”
X “cello” “piano” “viola” “violin” “cello 1” “piano 1” “piano 2” string quartet piano trio piano quintet violin & piano violin, 4-hand piano piano duo “cello” X “piano” “viola” “violin” “cello 1” “piano 1” “piano 2” “viola 1” “violin 1” “violin 2” “piano, 4 hands”
Facets How should LCGFT & LCMPT vocabularies be faceted? Create separate facets for “Genre/Form” and “Medium of Performance” which use the indexes discussed above “AND” the facets, not “OR”
Medium of Performance piano (5) violin (5) cello (3) cello 1 (3) piano 1 (3) more... Genre/Form Chamber music (3) Minuets (Music) (2) Sonatas (2) Concertos (1) Scherzos (1)
Medium of Performance piano (5) violin (5) cello (3) cello 1 (3) piano 1 (3) violin 1 (3) piano 2 (2) viola (2) viola 1 (2) violin 2 (2) piano, 4 hands (1) Genre/Form Chamber music (3) Minuets (Music) (2) Sonatas (2) Concertos (1) Scherzos (1) more...
Current Limits x Format: Music score x Medium of Performance: violin 1 x Medium of Performance: piano 1 x Genre/Form: Sonatas Medium of Performance piano (5) violin (5) cello (3) cello 1 (3) piano 1 x violin 1 x more... Genre/Form Chamber music (3) Minuets (Music) (2) Sonatas x Concertos (1) Scherzos (1)
Medium of Performance cello (3) ↳ cello 1 (3) piano (5) ↳ piano 1 (3) ↳ piano 2 (2) viola (2) ↳ viola 1 (2) violin (5) ↳ violin 1 (3) ↳ violin 2 (2) piano, 4 hands (1) Genre/Form Chamber music (3) Minuets (Music) (2) Sonatas (2) Concertos (1) Scherzos (1) more...
Search Current state of LCGFT & LCMPT searches Possible to use keyword searches for both Genre/Form and Medium of Performance Some catalogs have separate Genre/Form search type A few home-grown Medium of Performance search interfaces, but built on MARC 048
Future search interface?...
LCGFT & LCMPT in Library Systems Display Indexing Facets Search
Existing Subject Headings Casey Mullin Stanford University
Conversion of legacy 650 “subject” headings Requirements Each 650 should beget, at least, one 382 and/or one 655 field Algorithm should work equally well for score and sound recording records Terms in machine-generated fields must be conformant to LCGFT and LCMPT Machine-generated fields should ideally be conformant to MLA best practices Duplicate fields should be removed 650 fields retained for the time being Fields retained because, among other reasons, other facets (creator/contributor characteristics, audience, language, geography, time period) have to be dealt with soon. Records will be hybrid for some time!
Conversion of legacy 650 “subject” headings Challenges (to name a few) Implicit medium of performance (e.g., “Symphonies”, “Monologues with music”) Differences in vocabulary LCSH (“mixed voices”) vs. LCMPT (“mixed chorus”) LCSH (“Canons, fugues, etc.”) vs. LCGFT (“Canons” or “Fugues”) Completely new terms in LCGFT (“Art music”) Identifying solo performers True “topical” headings: how to distinguish? By presence of certain values in $v? (e.g., “Songs and music”) Or don’t worry and just let them “fail” the algorithm? Videorecording records? Possible influence on best practices Completely new terms: can only be inferred at best from 650s Topical headings: the system can’t tell which 650s are actually topical headings vs. form/genre/medium constructions. Possible influence: for example, if Art music can’t be automatically assigned to appropriate works that have no specific genre/form, should we be doing so in new records?? On the other hand, should we impose such limits on ourselves going forward?
Conversion of legacy 650 “subject” headings 650-to-382 algorithm (draft outline, version 0.1) Isolation and delimiting of raw string of terms expressing or implying medium of performance Removing non-medium content (particles, punctuation, etc.) Generating implied medium terms based on certain form/genre terms Mapping delimited MOP terms to 382 field Converting terms to singular Converting terms to authorized LCMPT form Identifying solo performers Addition of $n or $e after each term Addition of $s “Semantic” conversion and “Syntactic” conversion (thanks Brad Young).
Conversion of legacy 650 “subject” headings 650-to-382 algorithm (example) 650 _0 $a Sonatas (Violin and piano) Sonatas (Violin and piano) Violin and piano Violin|piano 382 _1 $2 lcmpt 382 _1 $a Violin $a piano $2 lcmpt 382 _1 $a Violin $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $2 lcmpt 382 _1 $a Violin $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt You’ll notice “Violin” is capitalized…
Conversion of legacy 650 “subject” headings Timeline (work done primarily by BCC Subject Access Subcommittee) Fall 2014 048-to-382 mapping created H1917.5 studied for 650 patterns and permutations January-February 2015: 650-to-382 algorithm drafted Spring 2015 Refinement of 650-to-382 algorithm Drafting and refinement of 650-to-655 algorithm Summer-Fall 2015: testing, testing and more testing! Who? OCLC, LC, PCC, other willing institutions Following model of phased RDA conversion of LCNAF 2016 (??): Agencies begin using converter in production databases
Fate of existing LCSH headings LCSH likely to remain in score and sound recording records for some time to come LCGFT/LCMPT algorithm may never be perfect Discovery systems need time to catch up What about works about music? Not all LCSH music headings are appropriate for topical use What’s the granularity “cutoff”? Uncontrolled pattern headings “Cutoff” – see next slide Pattern headings can’t be “cancelled”; must be identified through other means
Fate of existing LCSH headings Types of topical music headings Topical only, per scope note and SHM Opera (vs. form heading Operas) Usable as topical or form Symphonic poems (presence of $x History and criticism signals topical use) Usable as topical or medium Violin music How granular should topical music headings be? Headings qualified by language Songs, French Headings that combine form/genre and medium Concertos (Piano) (might be worth keeping) Suites (Bassoon, clarinet, trombones (2), double bass, percussion) (maybe not) Headings qualified by Sacred/Secular Cantatas, Secular (or postcoordinate with Sacred music?) Stay tuned!! Again, where’s the cutoff? Many decisions need to be made.
Beth Iseminger Harvard University LCMPT and RDA Beth Iseminger Harvard University
Isn’t this about genre and medium? Yes! but... Principle goal for LCMPT = access LCMPT also used for RDA medium of performance element = identification
RDA and Medium of Performance RDA still contains instructions that prescribe how to identify certain mediums of performance accompanying ensembles with one performer to a part solo instruments with accompanying ensemble orchestra/string orchestra/band (especially this one!) solo voices and choruses (and this one!) The JSC Music Working Group will be looking at revising at least some of these instructions in 2015, especially those that have closed lists of terms.
MLA Best Practices for RDA Best Practices for Use with RDA and MARC21 recommends: When recording medium for an access point, also record it as a separate element in the 382 field. When recording medium in a bib record, give the medium that corresponds to that particular expression.
Differences Differences in LCMPT Best Practices and DCM Z1 DCM Z1 recommends adding $n for ensembles DCM = LC’s Descriptive Cataloging Manual LCMPT BPs recommend NOT adding $n for ensembles. MLA proposed $e for number of ensembles which was approved in January 2015. Difference in the 382 field for bib and authority records Authority 382 has no indicators for access Bib 382 has 2nd indicator for access/no access Goal is for these standards to be harmonized – work in progress!
Janis Young Library of Congress Making Proposals Janis Young Library of Congress
LCMPT Submit proposals through the SACO Music Funnel New terms Revisions to existing terms
LCGFT PSD will start to accept proposals later this year New terms Revisions to existing terms Submit all proposals through the SACO Music Funnel?
SACO Music Funnel For information about the funnel http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/saco/Music_Funnel.html Email Nancy Lorimer, funnel coordinator, at nlorimer@stanford.edu
Basic Requirements for Proposals Literary warrant A work that requires the term Research showing usage and definitions that appear in reference sources, such as The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments The Oxford Dictionary of Music The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
Basic Requirements for Proposals Reference structure Variant forms (UFs), if any At least one hierarchical reference (BT) A scope note if considered necessary
Basic Requirements for Proposals For now, follow the general rules in the Subject Headings Manual, especially: H 306, Natural Language in Topical Subject Headings H 315, Foreign Terms H 357, Parenthetical Qualifiers in Subject Headings H 370 & 373, UF and BT references H 400, Scope Notes A separate manual for LCMPT and LCGFT is under development
By submitting proposals, you can help to maintain the viability of the vocabularies for future generations!
Questions??