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Chapter 33 American Classical Music Influenced by Early Jazz

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1 Chapter 33 American Classical Music Influenced by Early Jazz

2 Early Jazz Types Jazz Age Small groups Collective improvisation
Lively, complex music Ragtime used by bands Business Man’s Bounce Sedate, commercial music Used in dance halls String, wind, & rhythm instruments Less complex than jazz Big Band Swing Jazz Several sections of horns No collective improvisation Syncopated rhythms Slides and blue notes

3 Photo by Carl Van Vechten
George Gershwin ( ) Born in Brooklyn, New York Began piano lessons at 12 At 15 dropped out of school; began career as pianist; cut player piano rolls Classical background, but worked in popular music, often with brother Ira, a lyricist Bandleader Paul Whiteman commissioned piece; result was Rhapsody in Blue(1924) used jazz rhythms; fully composed without improvisation Gershwin credited with bringing jazz into the concert hall Died in 1937 George Gershwin Photo by Carl Van Vechten

4 Listening Guide: Rhapsody in Blue by George Gershwin
Music for piano and orchestra Tempo varies Irregular sectional form Clarinet, saxophones, French horns, trombones, tuba, strings, timpani, banjo, celesta, piano Quadruple meter Listen to the A section of this selection: Listening Excerpt from CD 6, tracks 4-9, p

5 William Grant Still (1895-1978)
Born in Mississippi Father was town bandmaster Composition student at Oberlin Conservatory Moved to New York after graduation, performed on oboe and various instruments Died in 1978 at age 83 in Los Angeles William Grant Still Photo by Carl Van Vechten

6 Performed in theaters, orchestras, & dance bands
William Grant Still’s Musical Activities Performed in theaters, orchestras, & dance bands Arranged music for radio shows Composed for films and TV (Gunsmoke) Composed ballets, chamber music, & symphonic works Composed operas, choral works, & art songs

7 Afro-American Symphony by William Grant Still
African American Musical Elements in the work Spirituals Blues Work Songs Ragtime Jazz Used tenor banjo Composed in 1930 First performed by Rochester Philharmonic in 1931 Still revised work in 1969 Still added poems by Paul Laurence Dunbar to each movement creating a sense of program music

8 Listening Excerpt from CD 2, tracks 26-32, p. 315-316
Featured Listening: Afro-American Symphony, first movement by William Grant Still Symphony Moderato assai tempo with variations Sonata form Flutes, piccolo, oboes, English horn, clarinets, bassoons, horns, trumpets, trombones, tuba, strings, harp, percussion, vibraphone Quadruple meter Listen to theme one: Listen to theme two: Listening Excerpt from CD 2, tracks 26-32, p

9 Other Works Combining Jazz and Classical Music
La creation du monde (1923) by Darius Milhaud Within the Quota (1923) by Cole Porter Porgy and Bess (1935) opera by George Gershwin Creole Rhapsody (1931) and Reminiscing in Tempo (1935) by Duke Ellington

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