1. Year 7

2.  Music Theory (Pitch and Rhythm)  Melody Writing Rules  Instruments of the Orchestra, including their families and pitch range  Benjamin Britten’s ‘Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra’ WORK YOUR WAY THROUGH THIS POWER POINT TO CHECK YOU KNOW ALL THAT YOU NEED TO

3.  For your exam you will need to know all of the Pitches on the treble and bass clef There will tests a) recognising notes Quick Class Pitch Test: Music TheoryMusic Theory  Use the notation tests on the following website to practice: musictheory.net musictheory.net  Rhythm and Rests up to and including a semiquaver a) adding notes to complete bars  Time Signatures a) inserting correct time signatures b) adding bar lines to fit time signatures  EXAMPLE TESTS ARE GIVEN ON THE NEXT PAGES  ALL THE RHYTHM AND PITCH YOU NEED TO KNOW ARE ON FROG, IN TWO FILES IN THE YEAR 7 REVISION FOLDER CALLED ‘PITCH’ AND ‘RHYTHM’

7.  Reasons why a melody is not a suitable answer phrase (The melody writing rules are on the next slide for you to revise)  Writing a suitable answer phrase: Here is one to practice with below

8. 1. Question and Answer/ Balanced phrases of equal length (ideally 2 bar or four bar phrases) 2. The Rhythm of the answer phrase should balance/echo the rhythm of the question phrase 3. Start the first phrase on the tonic note 4. Finish the last phrase on the tonic note 5. Finish the first phrase on the 5 th note of the scale (the dominant) 6. Mainly move by step 7. Return within in an interval 8. End with a long note 9. Each phrase of the melody should be an arc or inverse arc

9.  Identifying the families instruments belong to  Knowing the pitch range if instruments  Knowing the two main ways in which strings instruments are played (arco and pizzicato)  Recognising Instruments and families through listening tests:  You can practice by going to the website below, clicking on junior naxos and then instruments of the orchestra; ask someone in your family to test you)  www.naxosmusiclibrary.com www.naxosmusiclibrary.com  Username and password: TiffinMM

10.  An orchestra is a instrumental ensemble of many players. An orchestra is made up of four different groups, or sections of instruments: 1. Strings 2. Woodwind 3. Brass 4. Percussion  The word orchestra derives from the Greek ορχήστρα, the name for the area in front of an ancient Greek stage reserved for the Greek chorus.  Western Classical orchestras first appeared in the 1600s but became widespread in the early 18 th century (1700s).  The number and types of instruments in the orchestra grew from the 1700s until the end of the 1800s, from around 30 players to nearly 100 but changed very little during the 20th century. Orchestra through the ages Orchestra through the ages  A smaller-sized orchestra for this time period (of about fifty players or fewer) is called a chamber orchestra. A full-size orchestra (about 100 players) may sometimes be called a "symphony orchestra" or "philharmonic orchestra”.

11.  Not all instruments belong in one of the orchestral families of instruments e.g. guitar. Instruments are put into the four categories (Strings, Woodwind, Brass and Percussion) according to how the sound is made (NOT by what they are made from:  Strings –played with the bow  Woodwind – reeds e.g. saxophone (except flutes, piccolos and recorder which have no reed, but are still counted as woodwind)  Brass – have a mouth piece  Percussion – The sound is made by hitting

12.  Violin 1 (H.P.)  Violin 2 (H.P.)  Viola (M.P.)  Cello (L.P.)  Double Bass (V.L.P.) Ways of playing strings: Arco – with the bow – The main way string instruments are played Pizzicato – plucked - the next most common way string instruments are played Double Stopping – playing two strings at one with the bow - a type of arco playing Tremelo – moving the bow backwards and forwards on the string very quickly, like a tremor – another type of arco playing Glissando – A slide between two pitches - another type of arco playing.

13.  Piccolo ( no reed - the ‘baby’ flute) - Very HP  Flute – (no reed) HP  Oboe (has a double reed) – HP  Cor Anglais (a lower oboe with a double reed) – MP  Clarinet (single reed)– HP  Bass Clarinet (a single reed low Clarinet) – LP  Bassoon (has a double reed) – LP  Contra Bassoon (has a double reed) - VLP Sometimes also:  Alto Saxophone (single reed) MP

14.  Trumpet – HP  French Horn (sometimes just called ‘horn’) – MP  Trombone - LP  Tuba - VLP

15.  Timpani/ Kettle Drums (P)  Xylophone (wood – P)  Glockenspiel (metal P)  Piano (P)  Triangle (U)  Cymbals (U)  Gong (U)  Woodblock (U)  Castanets (U)  Bass drum (U)  Whip (U)  Tam Tam – U  Tambourine (U)  Side Drum (U)

16.  Legato (notes played smoothly)  Staccato (notes are detached)  Arco (string instruments played with a bow)  Pizzicato (string instruments being plucked)  Number of Beats in a bar (2, 3, or 4)  Major or minor key  Which instruments are playing?

17.  Questions on Benjamin Britten’s Young Persons Guide to the Orchestra.  Mark sure you have listened to the whole piece before the exam. Follow the link below to listen to the theme and variations which lasts only nine minutes.  Click here for music Click here for music