First aid Training Programme

First aid is the ________ form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before the arrival of medical help. temporary

1.To preserve life 2.To promote recovery 3.To prevent the injury illness from becoming worse

1.Diagnosis 2.Treatment 3.Disposal

Treatment:- Treatment to the injured person ASAP Disposal:- Arrange to remove the casualty to the hospital for further treatment. Diagnosis:- Diagnosis is the cause of accident and the case for the treatment within his scope.

Content list of First aid kit 1- Antiseptic cream 2- Antiseptic Lotion 3- Antibiotic Ointment 4- Burnol 5- Roller Bandage 6- Sterile Gauze Pad 7- Absorbent Cotton 8- Scissors & tweezers 9- Adhesive tape 10- Bandage 11- Thermometer 12- Pain Relief Ointment 13- Pain Relief spray 12- Soap 13- Towel 14- Eye drop 15- Sterile Hand gloves 16- Distilled water 17- Crepe Bandage 18- Hand Splint 19- Neck Splint 20- Leg Splint 21- Painkiller Tablet 22- Anti Pyretic tablet 23- Ice Bag

burns & Scalds First aid for burns & Scalds BURN:- Burn is an injury caused by dry heat. e.g. Fire,hot metal, sun heat, friction. SCALD:- A scald is an injury caused by wet heat. e.g. Hot steam, hot milk, boiling water, hot oil, etc.

first aid for burns How many types of burns? How to identify the degrees of the burns? What do we do to prevent burns? What causes the burns? How to deal with the burns? The course about first aid for burns. … To assess how much person burns

In order to assess as to how much the person is victim of burns “Rule of Nine” Which is invented by Dr. Shaw Wallace. He has divided our body into the figure of nine hence this rule is known as “Rule of Nine” To assess how much the person is victim of burns 1) One hand burnt 9% x % 2) One leg burnt (9% x 2)x % 3) Chest & Abdomen % 4) Whole back % 5) Neck, Face & Head --- 9% 6) Genitals --- 1% Total %

third degree burns second degree burns first degree burns not serious /mild serious very severe Within a day or two A few weeks Types of burns

1.Label the pictures with 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree burns. 1st degree burn 2nd degree burn 3rd degree burn Characteristics of burns

1.______ clothing and jewellery near the burn. 2.______ burns with cool water. 3.______ cool, clean wet cloths on the burns. 4.______ the burned area gently. Don’t ___. 5.______ the burned area with a dry clean bandage. rub Place Dry Cover Cool Take off What is important in the treatment for third degree burn? It is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once. TREATMENT OF BURNS

First Aid for Wounds Wounds –A break in the skin’s surface that results in external bleeding and may allow bacteria to enter the body that can cause infection Types of Wounds Abrasion –The top layer of skin is removed with little or no blood loss Laceration –A cut skin with jagged, irregular edges and caused by a forceful tearing away of skin tissue

Incisions –Smooth edges and resemble a surgical or paper cut Punctures - Deep, narrow wounds such as a stab wound from a nail or a knife in the skin and underlying organs Avulsion - Flap of skin is torn loose and is either hanging from the body or completely removed Amputation - Cutting or tearing off of a body part such as a finger, toe, hand, foot, arm, or leg

1)Place the casualty in a suitable position. 2)Elevate the bleeding part. 3)Do not open any blood clot. 4)If possible remove foreign body from wound by water. 5)To prevent infection & contamination. 6)Apply direct or indirect pressure to arrest the bleeding from wounds. TREATMENT FOR WOUNDS

In case of major wounds many times the bleeding can't be arrested by direct pressure in that emergency situation we can adopt the second i.e. INDIRECT PRESSURE It is done by two ways Use tourniquet Give pressure to the pressure point PRESSURE POINT

ELECTRIC SHOCK Electrical shock Electrical shock can occur if the body contacts an electrical circuit or is struck by lightning. The danger from electrical shock depends on: the amount of the shocking current through the body, The duration of the shocking current through the body, and the path of the shocking current through the body.

Treating a Victim of Electrical Shock 1.Shut off the electrical current if the victim is still in contact. 2.While you do this, have someone else call for help. 3.If you cannot get to the switchgear quickly, Remove the casualty from electricity with the help of wooden stick. 4. Do not touch the victim yourself if he or she is still in contact with an electrical circuit! If the patient is unconsciousness then start CPR (Cardio pulmonary resuscitation)

STEPS OF CPR (cardio pulmonary resuscitation) STEP-1(Assess the victim's consciousness) Assess the victim's consciousness. Gently tap his or her shoulder and ask "Are you OK?" in a loud, clear voice. If he or she responds, CPR is not required

STEP-2 (Place the victim on his or her back.) Place the victim on his or her back. Make sure he or she is lying as flat as possible - this will prevent injury while you're doing chest compressions.

STEP-3(Place the heel on victim’s chest) Place the heel of one hand on the victim's breastbone, exactly between the nipples.

STEP-4 (Place your second hand palm) Place your second hand on top of the first hand, palm-down.

STEP-5 (Position your body) Position your body directly over your hands, so that your arms are straight and somewhat rigid.

STEP-6 (Perform chest compression) Perform 30 chest compressions. Press down with both hands directly over the breastbone to perform a compression, which helps the heart beat. You should press down chest about 2 inch(5cm).

MOUTH TO MOUTH RESPRIRATION STEP-1 Make sure the airway is open. Place your hand on the victim's forehead and two fingers on their chin and tilt the head back to open the airway. (OPEN THE AIRWAYS)

STEP-2 (GIVE RESQUE BREATHS) Keeping the airway open, take the fingers that were on the forehead and pinch the victim's nose closed. Make a seal with your mouth over the victim's mouth and breathe out for about one second. Make sure you breathe slowly, as this will make sure the air goes in the lungs and not the stomach. If the breath goes in, you should see the chest slightly rise and also feel it go in. Give a second rescue breath.

First Aid for Poison Poison - Any substance that negatively affects body tissues and organ functioning. The Poison enters into our body by three ways. 1.Nose – Poisonous gasses (by breathing) 2.Mouth – Sleeping tablets, Stale food (by swallowing) 3.Skin – Snake bite, Dog bite, heroine etc. (by injecting)

Gas poison(by breathing) Due mostly from carbon monoxide poisoning Carbon monoxide a product of incomplete combustion from furnaces, gas heaters, kerosene heaters, gas, oil, etc. COT - colorless, odorless and tasteless Deadly - Carbon monoxide is more reactive with hemoglobin in red blood cells than oxygen

Effects of Carbon Monoxide poisoning nausea, headache Similar to flu symptoms, without the fever Discoloration of skin Vomiting Cessation of breathing First aid for CO gas 1.Get victim to fresh air as soon as possible. 2.If victim is not breathing, begin rescue breathing.

Swallowed Poisoning Abdominal pain and cramping Nausea or vomiting Diarrhea Burns Drowsiness or unconsciousness Signs of Swallowed Poisoning

1. Determine critical information –Age and size of victim –What was the poison? –How much was taken? –When was it swallowed? First Aid for Swallowed Poisons 2. Place victim in recovery position 3. If advised, induce vomiting 4. If advised, give activated charcoal 5. For responsive victim, call poison control center

Injecting poison Most of people are killed due to Insect and animal stings and bites. Such as 1-Snake & Dog bite 2-black widow spider 3-scorpion

First Aid for Snake & Dog bite 1.Keep the victim calm. 2.Clean the bitten area with clean water. 3.Use tourniquet for tight upper & lower part of bitten area if possible. 4.Do not apply ice or heat. Also do not give aspirin or other drugs 5.Remove the victim to hospital for immediate medical attention. A bite can cause severe pain, loss of function and in rare situations loss of a limb. First Aid

Insects bites & stings Some insects, such as bee, hornet, wasp and fire ants, cause painful stings that can produce a strong allergic reaction. Those highly allergic can cause a life-threatening condition. First Aid 1.Move to a safe area to avoid further harm. 2.Try to remove the stinger by scraping it off. 3.Wash the area with mild soap and water to help prevent infection. 4.To reduce pain & swelling, apply a cold compress. 5.Apply hydrocortisone cream, calamine lotion, or a baking soda paste to the area.