1. First Aid Notes

2. Definitions First aid – primary care for a suddenly wounded or ill person or animal. Challenge definition – immediate, temporary care for an injured or ill person or animal

3. Definitions Continued First responder – the primary person to help in an emergency.

4. Avulsion Tissue is separated and torn from the body (heavy bleeding occurs)

5. Treatment for Avulsion Call 911 Wrap torn body part in cloth, then in plastic Put it on ice Put body part in a cooler Use direct pressure Use pressure points Use tourniquet (last resort)

6. Steps for Rescue Breathing Step 1 Check for breathing. To do this tilt the head back and put your ear to the victims mouth, your face should be pointing down the victims body. Step 2. Do two rescue breaths into the barrier each lasting about 1 second. If too much air is forced into the lungs it will go into the stomach and cause the victim to throw up. This is normal and resume operations. When the victim throws up turn him on his side and let vomit come out and clean the mouth out with your finger to prevent choking later.

7. Steps for Rescue Breathing Continued Step 3. If the chest does not clearly rise during the 2 rescue breaths tilt the head back further and do 2 more breaths. If the chest still doesn't rise the victim is choking and unconscious choking steps will need to be followed. http://www.instructables.com/id/S0TPBKYFTY4B X24/ Continue to page 3 if the chest rises. http://www.instructables.com/id/S0TPBKYFTY4B X24/

8. Burns First Degree – affects only the outer layer of skin (epidermis). Skin is usually red. May be swelling and pain. Second Degree – burns through 1 st layer of skin and burns 2 nd layers of skin. Blisters develop. Skin looks red and splotchy. Severe pain and swelling Third Degree – involves all layers of the skin and nerves. May affect fat, muscle and bone. Burned area may be charred black or appear dry and white.

9. Burns Continued Also with 3 rd degree burns there may be little or no pain. If burn is deeper than skin, it is called 4 th degree.

10. First Degree Burns Continued

11. How to Treat Burns First Degree – flush burned area with cold water for at least 20 minutes. Do not use ice. Loosely wrap the burn with a sterile bandage Second Degree -- a burn no longer than 2 – 3 inches in diameter can be treated as a 1 st degree burn. If the burn is larger, or is on the hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks, or a major joint get medical help immediately.

12. Burn Treatment Continued Third Degree burn – Call for medical help. While waiting, treat victim for shock. Do not remove burned clothing. Cover with a sterile bandage or clean cloth. Keep victim still and help him/her to sip fluids.

13. Treatment for Shock Shock is a life threatening condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver enough blood to vital tissues and organs. Call for medical help Have victim lie down on his/her back with feet raised slightly higher than the head. Loosen tight clothing Use a blanket, coat or any available cover to help keep person warm Do not give the person anything to drink Roll the person onto his/her side to prevent choking in the event of vomiting or bleeding from mouth.

14. Universal Precaution Body Fluids Blood Mucus Urine Sweat Tears Stomach acid Cranial fluid Vomit Hormones Pus Breast milk Saliva Semen Vaginal fluid

15. Sprains A condition in which the ligaments that hold the joints in position are stretched or torn.

16. Treatment for Minor Sprains P – Protect the injury by keeping it still. R – Rest affected joint for 24 to 48 hours I – Ice the injured part to reduce swelling and pain C – Compress the injured area by wrapping it in an elastic bandage. E – Elevate the injured part above the heart to reduce swelling

17. Universal Precaution Definition Actions taken to prevent the spread of disease by treating blood and other body fluids as if they are infected.

18. Universal Precautions Steps Wear latex gloves Use a face mask Avoid touching body fluids Cover all of your wounds Wash hands often

19. References Cleary, Michael J., Ed.D, C.H.E.S., and Betty M. Hubbard, Ed.D., C.H.E.S. "First Aid for Common Emergencies." Teen Health Course 3. By Mary H. Bronson, Ph.D. Woodland Hills: McGraw Hill, 2009. 554-67. Print.