1. First Aid for Common Injuries Wounds Sprains Broken bones Insect and animal bites Burns Poisoning Objects in the eye Nosebleed Fainting Heat related illnesses

2. What is first aid? Immediate temporary care given to an injured or ill person until her or she can get professional help.

3. Why is it important to know basic first aid? Can prevent further injury Can speed recovery Knowing how to correctly give first aid can be the difference between life and death

4. First-Aid Supplies The following supplies are typically found in a first-aid kit… –Tweezers –Scissors –Thermometer –Cotton swabs –Cold pack –Antiseptic ointment More first-aid kit supplies… –Guaze pads –Adhesive tape –Adhesive bandages –Tissues –Hand cleaner –Disposable gloves –Plastic bags

5. Types of Wounds Closed Wound –Bruise –Develops when the body is bumped or hit –Damages soft tissue layers beneath the skin, causing internal bleeding. –Blood and fluids seep into tissues, causing swelling and changing color

6. Types of Wounds Open Wound –Break in the skin –Amount of bleeding depends on location and severity of injury

7. Types of Open Wounds Four types of open wounds –Abrasions most common Do not bleed much hurts because it scrapes away outer skin layers Also known as a cut, scrape, rug burn –Lacerations Cut in skin commonly caused by a sharp object Can bleed heavily or not at all depending on severity of damage Deep lacerations can cut layers of fat and muscle and damage nerves and blood vessels

8. Types of Open Wounds Avulsion –Portion of the skin and sometimes other tissue is partially or completely torn away –Body part could be completely torn away (amputation) –Damages deeper tissues –Lots of bleeding Puncture –Caused by a pointed object (nail) –Gunshot wound is considered a puncture wound –Do not bleed much unless blood vessel is damaged –Can carry germs into the body and cause infections

9. Care for Closed Wounds Apply ice Elevate injury to help decrease swelling –DO NOT elevate if it causes more pain If serious – person can’t move without pain…call 9-1-1

10. Care for Open Wounds Cover with dressing (bandages) to control bleeding Dressing/bandages will absorb blood and help prevent infection by protecting injury from dirt Wash area with soap and water to kill bacteria

11. FUN FACTS There are over 600 muscles in the human body! Most muscles are attached to bones by tendons! There are 206 bones in the human body! Ligaments hold the bones at a joint together!

12. SPRAINS Condition in which the ligaments that hold the joints in position are stretched or torn Ankles, knees, fingers, wrist Swelling and bruising R.I.C.E. rest, ice, compress, elevate

13. FRACTURE BREAK IN THE BONE OPEN FRACTURE – A COMPLETE BREAK WITH ONE OR BOTH SIDES OF THE BONE PIERCING THE SKIN CLOSED FRACTURE – BONE DOES NOT BREAK THE SKIN (MORE DIFFICULT TO DIAGNOSE) SYMPTOMS PAIN< SWELLING<MISSHAPPEN APPERANCE DIAGNOSIS X-RAY TREATMENT Hard or soft cast Broken Bones OPEN CLOSED

14. Broken Bones http://kidshealth.org/teen/safety/first_aid/br oken_bones_sheet.html?tracking=T_Relat edArticlehttp://kidshealth.org/teen/safety/first_aid/br oken_bones_sheet.html?tracking=T_Relat edArticle

15. Insect and Animal Bites SERIOUS – for people with certain allergies Call 911 with symptoms: difficulty breathing, nausea, confusion Treatment Insect Treatment Animal Remove stinger by scraping*Wash with soap and water it off with a firm/straight*Apply pressure to stop any edged objectbleeding Wash with soap and water*Apply antibiotic ointment Apply ice – 10 on 10 off – and a sterile bandage To reduce swelling

16. BURNS 1 st degree Affects outer layer of skin Red Swelling and pain 2 nd degree Affects first layer of skin and second layer of skin Blisters Swelling Severe pain 3 rd degree Involves all layers of the skin Affects fat, muscle and bone Skin is charred black or Appears dry and white Little or no pain 4 th degree: a burn that extends deeply into the soft tissue, completely destroying the skin, fat, and underlying tendons, and sometimes involving muscle, fascia, or bone

17. Treatment 1 st Degree 1. flush area cold water 20 minutes 2. do NOT ice 3. loosely wrap burned area with a sterile bandage or clean cloth 2 nd Degree * burn 2” to 3” diameter treat as 1 st Degree burn Burn is on Hands Feet Face Groin Buttocks or major joint Call 911 3 rd Degree CALL 911 TREAT VICTIM FOR SHOCK DO NOT remove burned clothing DO Apply cold water Cover with a sterile bandage or clean cloth Allow victim to SIP fluids 4 th degree CALL 911

18. Poisoning Poison is a substance that causes harm when: Swallowed Inhaled Absorbed by the skin Injected into the body ½ of all poisonings are caused medications and household products TREATMENT of ALL POISONING or SUSPSECTED POISONING Call nearest poison control center Call 24 hour poison hot line - 1-800-222-1222 Provides medical treatment for victim Poisonous Chemical Skin Contact Remove clothing that has come in contact with poison Rinse skin with water for 15 minutes Wash gently with soap and water Call poison control center

19. Foreign Object in the DON’T RUB THE EYE FLUSH the eye with WATER and repeat until the object washes out OR GENTLY PULL the lower lid downward while holding the upper lid open – look down – have someone locate the object in your eye – LIGHTLY TOUCH the object with a moist cotton swab and move into the corner of the eye – REMOVE OBJECT Call 911 if the object cannot be removed

20. Nosebleed Causes: 1. injury 2. illness 3. dry air Treatment: 1. pinch nostrils shut with thumb and forefinger 2. breathe though the mouth 3. duration: 5-10 minutes heavy bleeding for 15 minutes call 911

21. FAINTING – brief loss of consciousness when blood supply to the brain is cut off for a short period of time Treatment for someone else who FAINTS: 1. check for breathing 2. raise legs above the head 3. loosen tight clothing 4. call 911 if victim remains unconscious for a few minutes 5. seek medical attention after victim has regained consciousness 6. ** BEGIN ADVANCED CARE If you feel FAINT sit or lie down place your head between you knees

22. HEAT RELATED ILLNESS Heat Cramps Symptoms painful muscle spasms that happen during exercise in hot weather Treatment 1. rest 2. cool down 3. drink water 4. gentle stretching exercise or massage to muscles

23. Heat Exhaustion Symptoms 1. faintness, nausea, rapid heartbeat 3. hot, red, dry, or sweaty skin Treatment 1. lie victim down in a cool area 2.elevate feet 3. loosen tight clothing 4. drink water 5. Fan victim and spray with water * Watch victim for symptoms of heatstroke. HEAT- RELATED ILLNESS

24. Heatstroke (life threatening) Symptoms 1. body stops sweating 2. body temperature increases to 104 0 3. rapid heart beat 4. shallow breathing. Treatment 1. CALL 911 2. treat the same as heat exhaustion HEAT- RELATED ILLNESS