1. Basic First Aid

2. Why to know first aid procedures?
Lives can be saved by the steps anyone can take until medical help can arrive.

3. First Aid Kits
Every office, factory, home and school should have an accessible first aid kit
Every kit should have the following items
First aid book
Band aids of various sizes
Elastic bandages
Gauze and adhesive tape
Antiseptic wipes (alcohol wipes) and cotton wool
Safety pins and tweezers
Scissors
Latex gloves
Calamine lotion
Clinical thermometer
Analgesic tablets (aspirin)

4. Accidents & Emergencies
Can & Do Happen!

5. Severe Bleeding, Wounds and Injuries
Blood can be lost very rapidly from a severed or torn artery.
Severe blood loss can lead to shock, unconsciousness or death

6. External Bleeding
If an adult looses more than 1 liter of blood or a child looses as little as 1/3 of that amount loss is considered severe.

7. Arm or Leg Injuries Treat by
1. Laying the victim down and if possible, raise the injured part.
2. Press hard on the wound with a clean pad. If the wound is gaping, hold the edges together firmly
3. If there is a foreign body in the wound (glass, metal, etc) apply pressure alongside
4. Take a firm pad and bind it firmly over the whole wound so that pressure is maintained. (A scarf or tie can be used)
5. If blood soaks through the bandage do not remove it. Instead continue to apply pressure to the wound for 7-10 minutes.
6. Seek medical attention

8. Head Injuries Signs Treatment Blood or fluid from the ear
Loss of consciousness
Wound
Sometimes no signs
Treatment
Very carefully, try to put flaps of skin back into position
Press firmly on the wound with a clean, (sterile if possible) pad
Hold the dressing in place with more clean cloth
If the victim is conscious, lay them with their head and shoulders slightly raised
If fluid comes from the ear, cover the ear with a clean pad and lay them on that side to allow free drainage of the fluid from the ear.
See medical help immediately

9. Chest Injuries
Cover the wound immediately using the palm of your hand or the victims if they are conscious
Place a sterile dressing or clean pad over the wound then cover the pad with a plastic bag, kitchen film or foil, held in place with adhesive strapping or firm bandaging to form an airtight seal
If victim is conscious, support him/her in a comfortable position
Call 9-1-1

10. Burns 3 Degrees Caused by heat, chemicals or radiation
Scalds are caused by steam or hot liquids
WARNING
1. Never put butter or greasy ointment on a burn.
2. Always seek medical attention if:
The victim is a child or elderly
Burn covers more than one body part
Burn is located on any sensitive part of the body
Burn is third degree
Burn is caused by chemicals

11. Burns

12. First Degree Burns Damage the outer layer of skin Signs Treatment
Redness
Mild pain
Swelling
Treatment
Plunge in cold water or hold under a cold running tap for 10 minutes or the until the pain stops or lessens
Cover with a clean gauze dressing for protection

13. First Degree Burns

14. Second Degree Burns Blisters Rough, red skin Swelling Extreme pain
Go through to the second layer of skin
Signs
Blisters
Rough, red skin
Swelling
Extreme pain
Treatment
Remove all clothing, jewelry, watches from the burned area unless it is sticking to the skin
Pour large amounts of cold water over the affected area for at least 10 minutes
Gently blot areas. DO NOT rub; rubbing may break blisters
Lightly cover the entire burned area with a clean, dry dressing. If fluid soaks through cover with another layer.
Raise a burned arm or leg to reduce swelling but be careful not to burst blisters
Call 9-1-1

15. Second Degree Burns

16. Third Degree Burns
Less painful than 2nd degree burns because the nerve cells in the affected tissue are destroyed but the damage is greater.
The burn goes through to the third layer of skin.
Skin appears whitish or charred

17. Third Degree Burns
Do not remove any clothing near or at the site of the burn
Do not apply cold water or medication
Place clean, dry cloths over the damaged area
If burns are on arms or legs, raise the arm or leg to reduce swelling
If burns are on the face, check frequently to make sure that he/she is not having difficulty breathing
Get victim to a hospital IMMEDIATELY

18. Third Degree Burns

19. Cuts & Grazes Bleeding usually stops within a few minutes
Treat by cleaning the area with a gauze or cotton pad
Small cuts heal best if covered
Antibiotic ointments may be used

20. Foreign Body in the Eye Eye
When on the pupil or embedded in the white of the eye
Never try to remove the object
Cover the injured eye with a clean pad
Bandage both eyes
Take the victim to the hospital
When floating on the white of the eye
Advise the victim not to rub the eye
Have them sit down facing a light so that you can see into the eye clearly
Using your finger or thumb gently pull the eyelids of the injured eye apart
When you see the foreign body wash it out with clean water
If the foreign body has not moved, try to lift it off with a moist swab or the dampened corner of a tissue or handkerchief.