Image Credit: Σταύρος Σταύρος FIND THE FOLLOWING: Peloponnesus Sparta Eurotas R. Laconia Messenia FIND THE FOLLOWING: Peloponnesus Sparta Eurotas R.

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Image Credit: Σταύρος Σταύρος

FIND THE FOLLOWING: Peloponnesus Sparta Eurotas R. Laconia Messenia FIND THE FOLLOWING: Peloponnesus Sparta Eurotas R. Laconia Messenia Map Credit: Jkan997Jkan997

Citizens Perioikoi “Dwellers Around” Free Non-Citizens Helots

Map Credit: Jkan997Jkan997 “Most Spartan institutions have always been designed with a view to security against the Helots.” – Thucydides “Most Spartan institutions have always been designed with a view to security against the Helots.” – Thucydides Slaves (from Messenia )

Units of Social Organization GOVERNMENT FAMILY EDUCATION

L egendary L awgiver Bas-relief of Lycurgus, one of 23 great lawgivers depicted in the chamber of the U.S. House of Representatives Credited with the development of Spartan institutions.

Until I return…

MIXED Government STABLE Government Checks & Balances Separation of Powers

Source: Source: JUDICIAL Gerousia (28) JUDICIAL Gerousia (28) LEGISLATIVE Gerousia (28) Apella ( All ) LEGISLATIVE Gerousia (28) Apella ( All ) EXECUTIVE Kings (2) Ephors (5) EXECUTIVE Kings (2) Ephors (5)

BACK BICAMERAL

Gerousia (Upper House) 28 Members (Age 60+) Plus 2 Kings = 30 Aristocracy Gerontocracy Gerousia (Upper House) 28 Members (Age 60+) Plus 2 Kings = 30 Aristocracy Gerontocracy BACK

Apella (Lower House) All Spartan Citizens Debate Apella (Lower House) All Spartan Citizens Debate BACK

Ephors (5) One Year Terms Ephors (5) One Year Terms Kings (2) ARMY Commanders-in-Chief Diarchy BACK

“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” President Lyndon Johnson takes the presidential oath of office after the death of President John F. Kennedy.

“We swear to uphold the laws…” “ We swear to support the kings… as long as they uphold the laws.” “ We swear to support the kings… as long as they uphold the laws.” Kings (2) BACK

Gerousia (Supreme Court) 28 Members (Age 60+) Plus 2 Kings = 30 Aristocracy Gerontocracy Gerousia (Supreme Court) 28 Members (Age 60+) Plus 2 Kings = 30 Aristocracy Gerontocracy BACK

ALL Spartan citizens were professional soldiers. The lives of Spartan men were highly regimented from birth.

Screenshot from the movie, 300, accessed herehere Screenshot from the movie, 300, accessed herehere

Birth A Spartan mother presents her child to the elders for a birth inspection.

Age 7-20 Image Credit: All Spartan males were required to go through the agoge (raising), where they received 13 years of military training. “Raising”

Age Image Credit: The most talented Spartan youths were selected for service in the Krypteia, a secret, elite band charged with terrorizing the Helot population. SEDITION

Spartan Shield (hoplon) Note the Lambda for Laconia, the Spartan homeland Finally! At 21, the young Spartan male could take his place among the citizen hoplites...

…and get married.

Although they got married at 21, Spartan men lived in the barracks until age 30. NOT UNTIL YOU’RE 30!

“It is better to marry than to BURN WITH PASSION.” -- St. Paul

“A legal kiss is never as good as a stolen one.” -- Guy de Maupassant (19 th century French author)

The Spartan Woman Statue of a winner of the Heraia (footrace every four years to honor Hera)

The Spartan Woman On being quizzed by an Athenian woman, ‘Why is it that you Spartan women are the only ones who rule your men?’, she replied ‘Because we are the only women too who give birth to men.’ -- From Plutarch, Sayings of Spartan Women, quoted in Cartledge, The Spartans (125) Sayings of Spartan Women Statue of a winner of the Heraia (footrace every four years to honor Hera)

Spartan Women “‘For it was not by imitating other states, but by devising a system utterly different from that of most others, that he [Lycurgus] made his country prosperous…he insisted on physical training for the female no less than for the male sex: moreover, he instituted races and trials of strength for women competitors as for men, believing that if both parents are strong they produce more vigorous offspring…’” – (Xenophon, 4 th century B.C., Constitution of the Lacedaemonians

“There are no adulterers in Sparta.” -- ancient saying

With it…...or ON it!

CHILDBIRTH A Spartan Woman’s Glory

CHILDBIRTH A Spartan Woman’s Glory A Spartan woman would be buried with a gravestone if she died in childbirth (men had to die in battle).

Greek Women Compared AthenianSpartan EDUCATED? NOYES GYMNASTICS? NOYES HOUSEWORK? YESNO (Helots did this) Own Property in their own right? NOYES Short Skirts? NOYES