1. City-States of Greece Chapter 5 Section 2

2. Today’s Goal Compare the culture and governments of Athens & Sparta.

3. Athens Ionians who settled in AtticaIonians who settled in Attica

4. Development of Democracy Draco – took power 621 BCDraco – took power 621 BC –Drafted harsh set of laws

5. Development of Democracy in Athens Solon - came to power 594 BCSolon - came to power 594 BC - Outlawed debt slavery - Four social classes based on wealth - Any citizen could charge against wrongdoing

6. Peisistratus – tyrant who seized power in 541 BCPeisistratus – tyrant who seized power in 541 BC Cleisthenes – 510 BC - Reforms that led to democracy in Athens

7. Athenian Democracy Divided into 10 tribes or “demes” (by residence, not wealth)Divided into 10 tribes or “demes” (by residence, not wealth) –Selected members for boule Ekklesia – general town meeting of free male AtheniansEkklesia – general town meeting of free male Athenians Boule (Council of 500)Boule (Council of 500) - Filled by lot for 1 yr. term - Legislature & executive - Power to ostracize citizens

8. Athenian Society - Educatio Athenian Society - Education Only wealthy sonsOnly wealthy sons - Prepared to be good citizens - Part of day in athletic activities - Military schooling Girls – trained to be good wives & mothersGirls – trained to be good wives & mothers Encouraged educated mind in strong bodyEncouraged educated mind in strong body

9. Athenian Military Depended on strong navy for protectionDepended on strong navy for protection

10. Sparta Descendants of Dorians – settled in LaconiaDescendants of Dorians – settled in Laconia Conquered MesseniansConquered Messenians - Helots – forced to work the land Put down Messenian revoltPut down Messenian revolt

11. Sparta’s Rigid Militaristic Society State made all decisionsState made all decisions Code of LycurgusCode of Lycurgus Decided if babies strong enough – if not, left in hills to dieDecided if babies strong enough – if not, left in hills to die Children taken from families at age 7 to begin training (Agoge system)Children taken from families at age 7 to begin training (Agoge system)

12. Agoge Training Boys lived in army barracks until age 30Boys lived in army barracks until age 30 - Rough training to become tough soldier Girls taught to be strong & athleticGirls taught to be strong & athletic - Give birth to tough Spartan boys - More freedom than Athenian women

13. Spartan Government Ruled by TWO kingsRuled by TWO kings - Responsible for military, politics, & religious practices - Kingship passed on hereditarily Senate = Council of Elders - Spartiates > 60 years old - Spartiates > 60 years old - Elected for life - Elected for life

14. Assembly = all men over age 30 Five ephors = overseers elected annually Social Order Lowest = helots Middle = perioikoi Highest = Spartiates

15. Spartan Philosophy – Duty, Strength, Self-denial, Self- Discipline

16. Factors that Discouraged Unification of City-States Different laws & governmentDifferent laws & government Different coinageDifferent coinage Different weights & measuresDifferent weights & measures Different calendarsDifferent calendars

17. Factors that Encouraged Unification of City-States Same languageSame language Participation in the Olympic GamesParticipation in the Olympic Games Common religion & management of templesCommon religion & management of temples

18. The Olympic Games Only freeborn Greeks (“athlos” = contest)Only freeborn Greeks (“athlos” = contest) –Selected through elimination trials PentathlonPentathlon BoxingBoxing –Pankration Marathon gamesMarathon games 5 days5 days Victors given crown of olivesVictors given crown of olives