The Rebuilding Years Chapter 15 The Condensed version

Lincoln’s Plan  Overall Purpose: to help end the war faster  Political purpose: to restore Southern states’ full political union with other states  He required that state governments create significant social change by recognizing the end of slavery

Lincoln’s Plan  Main parts: Remove the government officials of the Confederate States of America and replace them with officials loyal to the Union Punish high ranking Confederates by removing their right to vote Confederates who took oath to constitution and Union laws would receive a pardon and get their land back State would be readmitted when 10% of men took oath of allegiance to Union. State had to write new constitution and elect new officials

Johnson’s Plan  Not much different than Lincoln’s  Purpose: to humiliate Southern elite  Main parts State would be readmitted when 10% of men took oath of allegiance to Union. State had to write new constitution and elect new officials Southern elite had to request a pardon from the president Approve the 13 th amendment Nullify the Ordinance of secession South had to repay people and institutions that helped finance the Confederacy

Radical Republican Plan  Overall Purpose: to make the South pay dearly for the Civil War  Political purpose: to protect the rights of freedmen and protect the power of the Republicans

Radical Republican Plan  Main parts: The Confederacy would be split into five military districts, under the command of a military governor New legislatures had to approve the 14 th amendment Voting rights (suffrage) were given to black males and taken away from white males who participated in the war. No person who participated in the war could hold a public office State constitutions had to be approved by Congress

Amendments  13 th : freed the slaves  14 th : gave citizenship to all people born in the United States  15 th : gave black males the right to vote

Freedmen  Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was created to help people who need assistance after the war (food, clothing, shelter, medical care, and education)  Known as the Freedmen’s Bureau, it helped freed slaves find jobs, and establish courts to protect illiterate workers

Freedmen  Bureau originally promised land to freedmen that was abandoned or taken from white farmers.  Congress gave the land back to white farmers, but the anger that the whites had against the freedmen continued

Freedmen  African Americans enjoyed new freedoms but not for long  Southern whites tried to regain control with laws like the Black Codes and with vigilante groups like the KKK

Economic problems  South had economic problems after the end of slavery  They had to rebuild the state (buildings, houses, railroads) with no federal help  African American farmers now caused competition for white farmers

Sharecropping  Plantation owners were stuck with large plots of land, tools, and no one to work for them  Freedmen were willing to work, but had no land and no tools  Sharecropping allowed freedmen to use the tools and live in the old plantation slave houses, and use the land  Plantation owners would get part of the crop grown by the sharecroppers

Sharecropping  Sharecroppers were economically dependent upon land owner  In bad years sharecroppers could borrow a loan from the land owner, in the form of a lien, to buy supplies for the next year  The liens placed freedmen in a cycle of debt

Northern Immigration  To help out with the education and lives of freedmen, many northerners moved to South Carolina to establish schools  They were mistaken as carpetbaggers and were not accepted by Southern white society

Carpetbaggers and Scalawags  Carpetbaggers were Northerners who moved to the South to make an economic gain Land and businesses were cheap and there was little competition  Scalawags were Southerners that supported the carpetbaggers to get the social, economic, and political benefits from them

Women  Women suffered alongside their husbands with the loss of farms and houses  Elite white women had to take on household jobs that slaves had once done  Women whose husbands had been injured in the war had to take on a more physical role around the house and farm  Former slaves, carpetbaggers, and scalawags pushed for more rights for women

South Carolina’s New Constitution  Under the Reconstruction Policy’s South Carolina had to write a new constitution  State representation was based on population alone, not on wealth and population as it had been previously  African Americans gained positions in offices of government and even sent six members to the United States House of Representatives

Political Corruption  Corruption became a problem, because of the poor economy many people were willing to take bribes  South Carolina wanted new schools, but complained about them when taxes were raised to pay for them  The Hamburg Massacre of 1876 took place in Aiken county when six Africa American militia members were killed by a white mob This showed the whites trying to “redeem” their superiority

Election of 1876  Tired of the corrupt Republicans, white Democrats, known as “Red Shirts” used violence, intimidation, and fraud to win the 1876 election  President Grant sent troops to help ensure a fair election  There were questions about the winners of the governor, as well as General Assembly

Election of 1876  Neither side wanted to back down, and both Democrats and Republicans set up their own government in South Carolina  White taxpayers refused to support the Republican government  Voting problems also took place on a nation level  Congress let go of their focus to protect the freedmen as they tried to fight corruption

Election of 1876  A compromise between Democrats and Republicans was reached Democrats in SC would accept the Republican President Hayes President Hayes would remove federal troops from South Carolina Democrat and former Confederate General Wade Hampton became governor of SC  African Americans no longer had federal troops to help protect them from the violence in SC