Green Hotel Concepts September 2010

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Benchmarking

Benchmarking & Monitoring

How much energy do hotels use? Hard to benchmark Different metrics Guestnights Area Serviced Area Gross Internal Area (or Built Up Area) Total Area (including balconies) Big variance Star Rating Climate Metrics used Excludes corridors, plant rooms, etc 5 Star hotels & resorts in Abu Dhabi Source: Energy Benchmarking study for Abu Dhabi Hotel Sector by Elie Gerges El Choufani (2010). Sponsored by Cundall.

Energy (kWh / m2 of serviced space) Serviced Area = 300 kWh/m2 Gross Int Area = 275 kWh/m2 4-5 stars 280 to 320kWh/m2 3 stars 260 to 280kWh/m2 2 stars 240 to 270kWh/m2 www.benchmarkhotel.com

UK Display Energy Certificate Hotel Energy - UK UK Display Energy Certificate 105kWh/m2 – electricity 330kWh/m2 – gas 435kWh/m2 – TYPICAL 4 hotels in 2008 DEC database of 28,000 buildings

Green Guidelines for Hotels Cundall Role: Green Building Guidelines for Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority (ADTA) for their new and existing hotels. Our initial focus will be in the areas of water, energy and waste reduction for the existing 113 hotels in Abu Dhabi.

5 star hotels in Abu Dhabi Gross Internal Area = 567 per m2 of net lettable area

Hotel Energy - Asia

Water (m3 per guest night)

Waste (kg per guest night)

Reducing Energy & Carbon

Reducing energy in hotels People using buildings use energy Expectations Behaviour Passive design Where is energy consumed? Light Equipment Air Cooling Heating – space & water Renewables

Steps to low carbon design Off site Invest in off site renewables Renewables On-site renewables biomass, solar, wind, micro-hydro Gas CHP, geothermal Heat Recovery Air to air, waste heat from chillers Aquifer Thermal Storage Reducing energy consumption Energy Efficiency Heating, cooling & ventilation systems Control strategy Internal Loads Lighting & Equipment (W/m2) Controls – turn off Passive Design Form: daylight & natural ventilation Fabric: insulation, facade, thermal mass Design Criteria & Expectations Comfort criteria, lighting levels, fresh air quantity, shower flows

Thermal Comfort is 21 to 24ºC ? Air Temperature & Humidity – only part of the issue Comfort criteria = natural ventilation or air conditioning!

Facade influences energy Light Equipment Air Cooling Heating

PassivHaus – minimise heating Thermos Flask Building Super insulation Airtight Winter heating Mechanical vent with heat recovery Tiny heating system Summer cooling Open the windows Expensive but effective PassivHaus Uwindows = 0.8 Uwalls = 0.1 Uroof = 0.1 Permeability = 0.05ach

Secure Natural Ventilation Double Glazing with Interstitial blind. Window is openable. Ventilation panel allows secure, bug free ventilation. Example window system – Scandic Hotel, Sweden

High Tech Cooling: Ceiling Fans?

Green Hotel Concept

Hotel Room Concept Low Energy: Comfort + Air Quality 100% outside air heat recovery unit with heating coil No mechanical cooling Thermal mass to moderate temperatures Ceiling fan for improved summer comfort Passive Design Shading to suit orientation Openable window Highly insulated & sealed facade Uwalls = 0.22 Uwindow = 1.8 Air Tightness = 4m3/hr

Variation (modular bathroom pod) Heating Hot Water circuit could supply chilled water for cooling. Fresh Air Supply could be tempered in peak summer conditions

LEDs are improving LED linear replacement lamps available today do not compete with linear T8 fluorescent lamps on the basis of light output, colour quality, distribution, lumen maintenance, or cost-effectiveness. Source: US Dept of Energy (2010)

Which controls would you prefer? Simple? Complicated? OFF Warmer Cooling Fresh Air Only Cooler Heating

Reduce hot water use Hot water = 25%+ of hotel energy consumption Reduce water use: 8l/min showers 4l/min taps Hoxton Hotel, London Interesting towel sign (heavy) rain shower

Guest education is important Notice in bedroom – Scandic Hotel, Sweden

Renewables

Renewable Heat Solar Hot Water Biomass Boiler Heat Pump (air or ground source)

Solar Hot Water Hampton by Hilton, Brasov

Vatra Dornei Hotel Ground Source Heat Pump plus Biomass Boiler (+ Solar Thermal for DHW & swimming pool)

Renewable Electricity Photovoltaic Panels Wind Turbines Biofuel Combined Heat & Power (CHP)

Steps to low carbon design Off site Invest in off site renewables Renewables On-site renewables biomass, solar, wind, micro-hydro Gas CHP, geothermal Heat Recovery Air to air, waste heat from chillers Aquifer Thermal Storage Reducing energy consumption Energy Efficiency Heating, cooling & ventilation systems Control strategy Internal Loads Lighting & Equipment (W/m2) Controls – turn off Passive Design Form: daylight & natural ventilation Fabric: insulation, facade, thermal mass Design Criteria & Expectations Comfort criteria, lighting levels, fresh air quantity, shower flows

David Clark d.clark@cundall.com 18-20 Louis Blanc Ground Floor Sector 1, 011752 Bucharest Tel. +40 21 208 02 30 Str. I.P Voitesti nr 1-3/ 54 400153 Cluj Napoca Tel. +40 264534240