1. Energy conservation strategies Buildings energy consumption depends on building envelop, efficiency of HVAC and lighting systems, amount of required fresh air, internal and external heat gain and the building operation hours and maintenance.

2. Energy Reduction Buildings’ energy demand can be reduced by implementing certain strategies: – Operational management: This process is based on rescheduling after hours activities and implementing of building management system (BMS) which enable building operators to control full or partial shutdown of building as well as control and regulate temperature in each space or zone to comply with ASHRAE comfort standards.

3. Energy Reduction Reduction of cooling loads (heat gain): This can be achieved throughout a set of procedures including solar radiation control which leads to a reduction of heat gain throughout the building envelop. Solar radiations control can be done using plants, vegetation and using light coloured exteriors walls.

4. Energy Reduction Buildings envelop modifications: The most common techniques used in building envelop modifications are installation of internal and external shading devices, double glazing and walls and roofs insulations.

5. Energy Reduction Equipment modifications: Examples of this strategy are installing heat recovery wheels, ventilation and radiant terminals.

6. Energy Reduction Employing passive and renewable energy cooling techniques: these techniques are free cooling techniques despite the fact of their high installation cost.