English. 4th level. Final Project description Unit PROGRESS AND CHANGE

2 Workshop 4 TO START: 1. Select the topic of your essay. 2. Choose the central idea of your essay. For example: Information technology has revolutionized the way we work. 3. Distribute your essay into introduction, body and summary paragraphs. 4. The introductory paragraph begins with an interesting sentence: Home workers have grown from 150,000 to over 12 million in the past 5 years thanks to computers. Now it’s time to start preparing your text. Here you have the different steps you can use.

3 BODY PARAGRAPHS : 5. Use one sentence to introduce every body paragraph to follow: The Internet has made this possible by extending the office into the home. 6. Finish the introductory paragraph with a short summary statement: Technological innovation has made the traditional workplace obsolete. 7. In each of the body paragraphs (usually two or three) develop the ideas presented in the introductory paragraph. 8. Develop your body paragraphs by giving detailed information and examples. When the Internet was first introduced it was used primarily by scientists, now it is common in every classroom. 9. Body paragraphs develop the central idea and finish with a summary of the idea. There are usually two examples or facts in each body paragraph to support the central idea. Workshop 4

4 SUMMARY: 10. The summary paragraph summarizes your essay and it is often a reverse (=similar text) of the introductory paragraph. 11.Begin the summary paragraph by quickly mentioning the principal ideas of your body paragraphs. For example: The Internet in the home, benefits and ease of use of modern computer systems The penultimate sentence usually mentions your basic thesis of the essay. For example: We have now passed from the industrial revolution to the information revolution. 13. Your final statement can be a future prediction based on what you have shown in the essay. The next step: The complete disappearance of the workplace. Workshop 4

5 Outline Questionnaire This essay is about: _________________________________________________________ The essay is introduced by this interesting statement: _________________________________________________________ This essay is introduced with the following idea: _________________________________________________________ The essay will illustrate the above idea by showing that: (main point of paragraph 1) _________________________________________________________ This is shown by: 1. ______________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________ (main point of paragraph 2) _________________________________________________________ This is shown by: 1. ______________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________ (main point of paragraph 3) ________________________________________________________ This is shown by: 1. ______________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________ Workshop 4 To summarize, this essay has shown that: _____________________________________________________ The lessons that can be learned are: 1. __________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________

6 VERB TENSES CHART TENSEPOSITIVENEGATIVEQUESTIONUSE Simple Present I play tennis on Mondays. They don't (do not) work in New York. Does she know him? Habitual activities - States Simple PastShe went to Paris last week. They didn't (did not) drive to work. Where did she get that hat? Actions happening at a defined moment in the past. Present Continuous He's (is) working at the moment. They aren't (are not) coming this evening. What are you doing? Actions happening at the present moment. Near future intention and scheduling. Past Continuous I was watching TV when you called. He wasn't (was not) working when she arrived. What were you doing when I called? Interrupted past action, action happening at a specific moment in time in the past. Present Perfect I've (have) seen Mick three times this week. She hasn't (has not) been to New York. How long have you worked at Smith's? 1) To express an action that was begun in the past and continues into the present. 2) To express an action that happened in the unspecified past. 3) To express a recent action that has a present effect.

7 TENSEPOSITIVENEGATIVEQUESTIONUSE Past PerfectI'd (had) already eaten before they came. She hadn't (had not) been to Rome before that trip. Had you ever seen such a crazy lady before that? To express an action that happens before another action in the past. Present Perfect Continuous She's (has) been waiting for over three hours. They haven't (have not) been studying for long. How long have you been working on that problem? To express the duration of a continuous activity begun in the past and continuing into the present. Past Perfect Continuous She'd (had) been waiting for three hours when he finally arrived. I hadn't (had not) been sleeping for long when I heard the doorbell ring. How long had you been playing tennis when she arrived? To express the duration of a continuous activity begun before another activity in the past.

8 It’s moment now to stop for a while, think and evaluate all the skills and contents we are working on in this unit. Grade each General Aim with your opinion: 0 = No idea! 1 = I have serious problems 2 = I can do it, with difficulties. 3 = I can it OK. 4 = It’s very easy. 1. Produce a report on the changes our lives have undergone through years  2. Use the Present Perfect Tense to express actions in the past  3. Compare the simple past with the present perfect tenses and learn how to use them  4. Compare and use SINCE and FOR correctly  5. Use other time expressions :EVER, NEVER, YET, ALREADY, JUST  6. Use the comparative and superlative forms  7. Compare and use the simple past, the present perfect, the past perfect and the present perfect continuous tenses 