2. Chapter 4 - Future Tense

3. Verb Tense Review Exercise 1 p. 60
1. future
2. future
3. present
4.future
5.future
6.present
7.  present
8. future
9.future
10. present

4. Future Tense Simple Future Future Progressive Future Perfect
will
be going to
Future Progressive
will + be + verb + ing
be + going to + be + verb + ing
Future Perfect
will + have + past participle
Future Perfect Progressive
will + have + been + verb + ing

5. Future Simple will and be going to – use for future time will + verb
prediction
willingness (plan made at the moment of speaking)
refusal (will not = won’t)
be + going to + verb (be + gonna + verb)
plan (made before the moment of speaking)
Key words: tomorrow, tonight, next week

6. Compare situations p. 63 A: Are you busy tonight?
B: Yes, I’m going to meet Julie at 7. We’re going to study together.
In this situation only be going to is possible because the speaker has a prior plan.
B: Well, I haven’t made any plans. I’ll eat dinner, and then I’ll probably watch TV.
In this situation both will or be going to is possible because the speaker is predicting the night

7. Ex. 9 p. 64 c - plan a - prediction 3. A: c – plan B: b – willingness

8. Exercise 10 p. 64 1. willingness 2. plan 3. prediction 4. plan

9. Expressing Future in Time Clauses
 Time Clauses: dependent clause
****begin with words like: ____ and include a subject and verb
when
before
as soon as
after
until
while

10. Time Clauses – Expressing Future
Time Clause begins with words like:
When, before, after, as soon as, until, or while + subject + verb
When + subject + verb = time clause
When the meaning of the time clause is future, the SIMPLE PRESENT is used.
When Bob comes, we will see him.

11. Future in Time Clauses
Present Progressive – to express an activity in progress in the future
While I am traveling in Europe next year, I am going to save money by staying in youth hostels.
Present Perfect – emphasizes the completion of one act before a second act in the future. (both same meaning)
I will go to bed after I finish my homework.
I will go to bed after I have finished my homework.

12. Exercise 14 p. 67 Dependent clause (time clause) , independent clause
Independent clause  (no comma) dependent clause (time clause) 
2. After the rain stops, I'm going to sweep the front porch.
3. I'm going to start making dinner before my wife gets home from work today.
4.  I'm going to wait right here until Sonya comes.
5. As soon as the war is over, there will be new elections.
6. Right now the tide is low, but when the tide comes in, the ship will leave the harbor.

13. Exercise 15: 2. eat... will probably take/ am probably going to take
3. get... will give/ am going to give
4. watch.. .will call/am going to call
5. will wait/ am going to wait... comes
6. stops... will walk/am going to walk
7. graduate... intend... will go/am going to go... get
8. will listen.... am going to listen... am sleeping  

14. Present Progressive – future meaning
Use to express future time when the idea of the sentence is a planned event or a strong intention.
Future meaning is indicated by the future time words!
He is leaving at noon tomorrow.
After lunch, I am meeting a friend. We are going shopping.

15. Simple Present- future meaning
Events that are on a definite schedule or timetable, these events contain future time words.
few verbs can be used: open close begin end start finish arrive leave come return
The museum opens at 10:00 tomorrow morning.
Classes begin next week.
John’s plane arrives at 6:05pm next Monday.

16. Exercise 18 future now habitually A: now B: now A: future
A: future B: future A: future

17. Future Progressive
Used for an activity that will be in progress at a time in the future.
will + be + verb + ing
I will be studying when you come.
2. Be going to + be + verb +ing
I am going to be studying at the library.
Key words: when, after, as soon as, before

18. Exercise 22 1. is going to be studying/will be studying...
am going to be finishing/will be finishing
2. is going to be seeing/will be seeing....
is going to be doing/will be doing....
is going to be talking/will be talking.

19. Exercise 23 arrive; will be waiting/is going to be waiting
get; will be shining/is going to be shining; will be singing/are going to be singing; will still be lying/is still going to be lying
A: will be enjoying/am going to be enjoying
B: will be thinking/am going to be thinking
will be/ am going to be in Chicago visiting
will be / am going to be working at the library

20. Future Perfect
An action that will end before another action or time in the future.
Will + have + past participle
I will graduate in June. I will see you in July. By the time I see you, I will have graduated.
Key words: by the time you go/do; already

21. Future Perfect Progressive
Duration (how long) an activity will be in progress before another time or event in the future.
Will + have + been + verb + ing
I will have been sleeping for two hours by the time you get home.
Key words: by the time, for ten days, by

22. Exercise 25
Future Perfect and Future Perfect Progressive (rarely used)
1. have been... had been... will have been
2. get... will have already arrived
3. got...had already arrived
4. have been sitting ... had been sitting... will have been sitting
5. will have begun... will have been teaching
6. will have been driving
7.get/will have taken
8. will have been running
9. will have been

23. Review of Verb Tenses Simple Tenses: Progressive Tenses:
Simple Present
Simple Past
Simple Future
Progressive Tenses:
Present Progressive
Past Progressive
Future Progressive

24. Exercise 11, p. 6 studies is studying studied was studying
will study/ is going to study
will be studying/ is going to be studying

25. Review of Verb Tenses Perfect Tenses: Perfect Progressive Tenses:
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
Perfect Progressive Tenses:
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future Perfect Progressive

26. Exercise 11, p. 7 has already studied had already studied
will already have studied
has been studying
had been studying
will have been studying

27. Practice 1
1. has never flown 2. have been waiting... hasn't arrived 3. are.... reach 4. didn't own... had owned 5. are having... has been 6. will have left... get 7. went... got....were dancing.... were talking... was standing... had never met... introduced 8. was sitting.... heard....got.... looked....had just backed

28. Practice 2
1. am taking... leave.... am going.... leave....am going to go.... is studying.... has lived..... knows has promised....have never been.... am looking 2. had been raining.... dropped..... is going to be.... changes..... wake.....will be snowing

29. Practice 3 1. had been 10 was wearing 2. met 11. had changed
3. had missed
12. was still
4. was
13. asked
5. got
14. had gained
6. took
15. had turned
7. was
16. looked
8. had grown
17. were
9. was

30. Practice 4 1. will have been 11. will have changed 2. will meet
12. will still be
3. will have missed
13. will ask
4. will be
14. will probably have gained
5. get
15. will have turned
6. will take
16. will look
7. will no longer be
17. will be
8. will have grown
9. will be
10. will probably wear