Grammar and Punctuation Classic Fiction Unit © Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual usersY5/6 Aut F Plan 1A

Direct Speech Week 1 Tuesday Grammar 1 Part 1 © Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual usersY5/6 Aut F Plan 1A Week 1 Tuesday Grammar 1

Direct Speech What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes. "What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. Speech marks 'hug' the spoken words

Direct Speech What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes. "What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. Speech marks 'hug' the spoken words

Direct Speech What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless-and with most evil eyes. "What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. Speech marks 'hug' the spoken words

Direct Speech What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless-and with most evil eyes. "What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. Speech marks 'hug' the spoken words

Each new speaker starts on a new line

Direct Speech Each new speaker starts on a new line "What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python. It’s hard to see who is speaking when the dialogue is squashed together.

Direct Speech Each new speaker starts on a new line "What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

Direct Speech Each new speaker starts on a new line "What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

Direct Speech Each new speaker starts on a new line "What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

Direct Speech Each new speaker starts on a new line "What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

Direct Speech Each new speaker starts on a new line "What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

Direct Speech Each new speaker starts on a new line "What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

Direct Speech Each new speaker starts on a new line "What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python. Much clearer.

Direct Speech A comma usually separates the direct speech from the reporting clause "He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.

Direct Speech A comma usually separates the direct speech from the reporting clause "He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.

Direct Speech A comma usually separates the direct speech from the reporting clause "He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.

Direct Speech A comma usually separates the direct speech from the reporting clause "He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief. "We are hunting," said Baloo carelessly.

Direct Speech A comma usually separates the direct speech from the reporting clause "He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief. "We are hunting," said Baloo carelessly.

Direct Speech A comma usually separates the direct speech from the reporting clause "He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief. "We are hunting," said Baloo carelessly. "Give me permission to come with you," said Kaa.

Direct Speech A comma usually separates the direct speech from the reporting clause "He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief. "We are hunting," said Baloo carelessly. "Give me permission to come with you," said Kaa.

Direct Speech A comma usually separates the direct speech from the reporting clause "Good hunting!" cried Baloo, sitting up on his haunches. "Oho, Baloo, what dost thou do here? “ said Kaa. Unless the speech ends in ! or ?

Direct Speech Direct speech begins with a capital letter, unless the sentence is interrupted by a reporting clause. “I am,” said Kaa with a little pride, “a fair length - a fair length.” “I came very near to falling on my last hunt,” said Kaa, “ and the noise of my slipping waked the Bandar-log, and they called me most evil names."

Direct Speech Direct speech begins with a capital letter, unless the sentence is interrupted by a reporting clause. “I am,” said Kaa with a little pride, “a fair length - a fair length.” “I came very near to falling on my last hunt,” said Kaa, “ and the noise of my slipping waked the Bandar-log, and they called me most evil names."

Direct Speech Direct speech begins with a capital letter, unless the sentence is interrupted by a reporting clause. “I am,” said Kaa with a little pride, “a fair length - a fair length.” “I came very near to falling on my last hunt,” said Kaa, “ and the noise of my slipping waked the Bandar-log, and they called me most evil names."

Direct Speech Summary of Rules Speech marks 'hug' the spoken words Each new speaker starts on a new line A comma usually separates the direct speech from the reporting clause Unless the speech ends in ! or ? Direct speech begins with a capital letter, unless the sentence is interrupted by a reporting clause.

Your Turn!

Written & Spoken language Week 1 Thursday Grammar 2 Part 2 © Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual usersY5/6 Aut F Plan 1A Week 1 Thursday Grammar 2

Written & Spoken Language "Don't be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That's his way of making friends." "Ouch! He's tickling under my chin," said Teddy.

Written & Spoken Language "Don't be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That's his way of making friends." "Ouch! He's tickling under my chin," said Teddy. What do you notice about these words?

Written & Spoken Language "Don't be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That's his way of making friends." "Ouch! He's tickling under my chin," said Teddy. Why use contractions in dialogue?

Written & Spoken Language "Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is his way of making friends." "Ouch! He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy. Try reading this aloud. What do you notice now?

Written & Spoken Language "Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is his way of making friends." "Ouch! He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy. An exclamation

Written & Spoken Language "Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is his way of making friends." "Ouch! He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy. An exclamation We often use these in our speech to express strong emotion: surprise, pain, anger, delight.

Written & Spoken Language "Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is his way of making friends." "Ouch! He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy. This might replace the more standard English sentence.

Written & Spoken Language "Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is his way of making friends." “I am rather surprised and experiencing some pain at this moment. He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy. This might replace the more standard English sentence.

Written & Spoken Language "My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ̶ " said Chuchundra, and then he stopped. "Told you what?" "H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to Chua in the garden." "I didn't ̶ so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite you!" Real speech is usually more informal than written language.

Written & Spoken Language "My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ̶ " said Chuchundra, and then he stopped. "Told you what?" "H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to Chua in the garden." "I didn't ̶ so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite you!" Sentences are sometimes left...

Written & Spoken Language "My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ̶ " said Chuchundra, and then he stopped. "Told you what?" "H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to Chua in the garden." "I didn't ̶ so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite you!" Sentences are sometimes left unfinished.

Written & Spoken Language "My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ̶ " said Chuchundra, and then he stopped. "Told you what?" "H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to Chua in the garden." "I didn't ̶ so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite you!" Sentences are often quite short.

Written & Spoken Language "My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ̶ " said Chuchundra, and then he stopped. "Told you what?" "H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to Chua in the garden." "I didn't ̶ so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite you!" Less formal punctuation might be used, such as dashes.

Written & Spoken Language Contractions for smooth sounding rhythm Exclamations Often shorter sentences Informal language and sentence structure Informal punctuation All these are designed to make dialogue in story writing sound real (authentic).

Written & Spoken Language Rewrite this stilted dialogue, correctly punctuated. Try opening with an exclamation. I am suddenly feeling regret as I have forgotten to bring my homework. Mike

Written & Spoken Language Rewrite this dialogue. Show the strain of pulling by having Mike not finish his sentence. I am feeling rather cross at this moment. Why will you not accompany me into the veterinary practice? We cannot be late again as we will miss our appointment. Mike Dog

Written & Spoken Language Rewrite this dialogue. Show the urgency of the situation by using very short sentences. Would you be kind enough to assist me? I feel that I am about to fall. Mike Amy

Your Turn!

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3 Part 3 © Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual usersY5/6 Aut F Plan 1A Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3 Conjunctions

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Simple Sentences Have a subject and a verb (A single independent clause) Make sense on their own. The whale ate all of the fish. The ‘Stute fish hid. The mariner sat on the raft. What is the subject and verb in each of these simple sentences?

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Compound Sentences 2 or more independent clauses Joined using co-ordinating conjunctions coordinating conjunctions: and but or

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Compound Sentences 2 or more independent clauses Joined using co-ordinating conjunctions coordinating conjunctions: and but or Joins similar things Links a contrast or surprise Shows a choice

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences coordinating conjunctions: and but or Which coordinating conjunctions will join the clauses best? The whale opened his mouthhe swallowed the mariner The mariner was inside the whalehe didn’t panic This story might be trueit might be fiction

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences coordinating conjunctions: and but or The whale opened his mouthandhe swallowed the mariner The mariner was inside the Whalebuthe didn’t panic This story might be trueorit might be fiction

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Compound Sentences Which coordinating conjunctions can you remember? Can you use one to join 2 simple sentences together?

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Complex Sentences Contain a main clause and a subordinate clause Give extra information main clause subordinate clause Show how ideas relate to each other The mariner sat on the raft trailing his toes in the water. The mariner sat on the raft feeling despondent. Feeling despondent, the mariner sat on the raft.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Complex Sentences main clause subordinate clause Makes sense on its own Does not make sense on its own Often begins with a subordinating conjunction

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Complex Sentences main clause subordinate clause Makes sense on its own Does not make sense on its own Often begins with a subordinating conjunction The animals were angry. A djinn appeared. The camel could work for three days.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Complex Sentences main clause subordinate clause Makes sense on its own Does not make sense on its own Often begins with a subordinating conjunction The animals were angry because the camel was not working. A djinn appeared. The camel could work for three days.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Complex Sentences main clause subordinate clause Makes sense on its own Does not make sense on its own Often begins with a subordinating conjunction The animals were angry because the camel was not working. A djinn appeared while they were complaining. The camel could work for three days.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Complex Sentences main clause subordinate clause Makes sense on its own Does not make sense on its own Often begins with a subordinating conjunction The animals were angry because the camel was not working. A djinn appeared while they were complaining. The camel could work for three days since he had his hump. Can often move around

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Complex Sentences subordinate clause, main clause The animals were angry because the camel was not working. While they were complaining, a djinn appeared. The camel could work for three days since he had his hump.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Complex Sentences subordinate clause, main clause The animals were angry because the camel was not working. While they were complaining, a djinn appeared. Since he had his hump, the camel could work for three days.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Complex Sentences Common Subordinating Conjunctions after although as as if as long as as though because before even if even though if if only in order that now that once rather than since so that than that though till unless until when whenever where whereas wherever while Do you use a range of conjunctions?

Your Turn!

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Week 2 Wednesday Grammar 4 Part 4 © Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual usersY5/6 Aut F Plan 1A Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3 Relative Clauses

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Relative clauses  Tell you more about a noun A type of subordinate clause = The rhinoceros rude and selfish

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Relative clauses  Tell you more about a noun  Begin with a pronoun who, which, that, whose, where A type of subordinate clause The rhinoceros rude and selfish

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Relative clauses  Tell you more about a noun  Begin with a pronoun who, which, that, whose, where  Embedded using commas to separate clauses A type of subordinate clause The rhinoceros, who was rude and selfish,stamped.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Relative clauses The mariner sat on the raft. Tell me more about the mariner The mariner, who was a man of infinite-resource-and-sagacity, sat on the raft. The mariner, who was more lost than he had ever been, sat on the raft. The mariner, who was wishing his mummy was there, sat on the raft. Give more information about a noun

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Relative clauses The mariner sat on the raft. The mariner, who was a man of infinite-resource-and-sagacity, sat on the raft. The mariner, who was more lost than he had ever been, sat on the raft. The mariner, who was wishing his mummy was there, sat on the raft. Relative pronoun introduces clause

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Relative clauses The mariner sat on the raft. Tell me more about the raft The mariner sat on the raft, which was old and rickety. The mariner sat on the raft, that was surrounded by sharks. The mariner sat on the raft, which he had crafted from jelly babies and jam. Give more information about a noun

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Relative clauses The camel refused to help. Try embedding a relative clause into this sentence starting with which, that or who?

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences Relative clauses The camel refused to help. The camel, who was lazy and selfish, refused to help. The camel, who was tired and fed up, refused to help. The camel, who was terrified of getting it wrong, refused to help. Can give clues to character, motivation or plot

Your Turn!