OVERVIEW OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA

WASTE COMPOSITION AND RECYCLING RATE 2005 2012 Population 26,600,000 28,300,300 Waste Generation (tonne/day) 19,000++ 33,000 Generation rate 0.8kg/day/person 1.1kg/day/person Waste composition(%) Food Waste 45 44.5 Plastic 24 13.2 Diapers - 12.1 Paper 7 8.5 Garden Waste 5.8 Glass 3.3 Textile 3.1 Others 9.5 Recycling Rate (%) 5 10.5

33,000 ton/day - what does it mean? 1 day – 0.183333 km square of 1m high 30 days – 5.5 km square 44 months – Kuala Lumpur of 243 km square, full with 1 m high solid waste

RECYCLING – ECONOMIC POTENTIAL WASTE TO WEALTH Composition Percentage (%) Amount (tones/year) Market price (RM/kg) Values (Million, RM) Papers 17.1 1,026,000 0.20 205.2 Plastics 9.1 546,000 0.30 163.8 Glass 3.7 222,000 0.05 11.1 Aluminium 0.4 24,000 2.00 48.0 Scrap Metals 1.6 96,000 0.50 Other non-recyclable 68.1 4,086,000 - Total 100.0 6,000,000 476.1 Note: 1) Waste composition data obtained from MHLG (2005) 2) Total waste generation was estimated at 6 million tones per year 3) Average market prices were based on prices at recycling centre as at September 2005; actual prices at recyclable agents, middleman and end buyers (industries) are usually much higher

REDUCTION AND RECOVERY OF CONTROLLED SOLID WASTE 3R PROVISION IN THE SOLID WASTE AND PUBLIC CLEANSING MANAGEMENT ACT (ACT 672) PART X REDUCTION AND RECOVERY OF CONTROLLED SOLID WASTE 101. Reduction, reuse and recycling 102. Take back system and deposit refund system

LAB PENGURUSAN SISA PEPEJAL PEMANDU

LAB PENGURUSAN SISA PEPEJAL PEMANDU ACTION PLAN ?

DISTRIBUTION & RETAILS WASTE STREAM HOUSEHOLD WASTE COMMERCIAL / INSTITUTIONAL WASTE INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION SPECIAL WASTE LIFE CYCLE DESIGN PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION & RETAILS CONSUMER STORAGE COLLECTION TRANSFER /HAULAGE TREATMENT DISPOSAL Privatisation Improved service Free waste bin 2 Transfer station One RDF plant WtE Sanitary landfill Small incinerator KL incinerator LFG to energy ENVIROMENT SOCIAL ECONOMY SUSTAINABILITY

DISTRIBUTION & RETAILS WASTE STREAM HOUSEHOLD WASTE COMMERCIAL / INSTITUTIONAL WASTE INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION SPECIAL WASTE LIFE CYCLE DESIGN PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION & RETAILS CONSUMER STORAGE COLLECTION TRANSFER /HAULAGE TREATMENT DISPOSAL -Recyclability -Recycle content -Policy -Extended producer Responsibility -Take back -Deposit refund -ELV -Waste exchange -Packaging -Policy tax -Public participation -Home composting -Home AD -PAYT Separation at source Privatisation Improved service Free waste bin 2 Transfer station One RDF plant WtE Sanitary landfill Small incinerator KL incinerator LFG to energy Landfill tax ENVIROMENT SOCIAL ECONOMY SUSTAINABILITY

THE OBJECTIVE To formulate an action plan for Comprehensive, Integrated and Sustainable solid waste management in Malaysia

HOUSEHOLD WASTE COMPOSITION

WASTE FROM HOUSEHOLD & SIMILAR WASTE What we have improved? Reliable collection Free waste bin Regular monitoring (KPI) Effective public complaint system - 2 x per week – kitchen waste + residual waste - 1 x per week - recyclable + bulky + garden waste - New collection vehicle – EN1505 - No spillage (waste & leachate) What are the pending issues ? 53 / 99 PBTs Waste discarded – 10 to 2500 ton/day Increase in waste generation- rate & volume Segregation at source Hazardous household waste (1.3%) (Chemical and biological hazard) WEE – hazardous (DOE) Bulky waste Garden waste

FOOD AND ORGANIC WASTE 45% of waste discarded, 15,000 ton/day Storage – enclosed (animal, vector), decompose High collection cost – special compactor, regular collection Contribute to greenhouse gasses (GHG) Produce leachate – pollution, LTP (high CAPEX & OPEX) Low calorific value (but nutrient rich waste) Generators – house, food court, restaurant, hotel, market, training institution, food industry (expired products), event, etc. Treatment of the food wastes - extremely limited

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE COMPOSITION Percentage (%) 12.3 9.6 6.5 0.4 69.1 2

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION (C&D) WASTE ISSUES The Star Newspaper, 2011 The Star Newspaper, 2012

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE ISSUE Main issue – illegal dumping 85% recyclable Secondary construction materials Pilot project – Worldwide Inert Waste Landfill Kampung Sungai Kertas, Gombak

PLASTIC IN LANDFILL

PLASTICS,TETRA PAK, DIAPERS Highest in numbers - 15% Very noticeable in landfill, non- degradable Used in most consumer products Plastic resin used - 3,087,765 ton/year or 8459 ton/day PE (985,000 ton/yr), PP(450,000 ton/yr), PET(178,000 ton/yr), PS (215,000 ton/yr), ABS (170,000 ton/yr) PVC (350,000 ton/yr) - dioxin Low Recycling rate- 2.5%: 109 ton/day (recycle) vs. 4,300 ton/day (discarded)

PLASTIC APPLICATION Percentage (%) 42 26 10 11 7 2

Potential – recycle industry (W2W), high Calorific Value (WtE) MPMA participation & contribution Brand owner participation & contribution

CONSUMER GOODS All waste except food waste, plastic, C&D, garden waste E-Waste (WEE), Furniture, Textile, Leather goods, Rubber, Glass, Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) – paint, thinners, kitchen cleaners and End of Life Vehicle (ELV) Disposed to landfill Lack of recycling facilities Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Take back, deposit refund, recycling material content

WASTE MANAGEMENT IN 11th MALAYSIA PLAN

Rancangan Malaysia Kesebelas (RMKe-11) Dokumen RMKe-11 terdiri daripada enam (6) teras tama Teras 1 – Merekayasa Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Teras 2 – Memperkasa Pemacu Pertumbuhan Teras 3 – Memanfaat Bakat Teras 4 – Mengarusperdana Pengurusan Alam Sekitar dan Sumber Asli Teras 5 – Memperkukuh Pembangunan Inklusif Teras 6 – Meningkat Kesejahteraan Rakyat

Waste Management in 11th Malaysia Plan Implementation of comprehensive, integrated & sustainable waste management Policy Legal aspect – implementation of Act 672 Strengthening the institutions Capacity building etc.

Defining Integrated WM Integrated solid waste management strategic approach to sustainable management covering all sources and all aspects, generation, segregation, transfer, sorting, treatment, recovery and disposal in an integrated manner, with an emphasis on maximizing resource use efficiency.

Defining Sustainable WM ENVIRONMENT by reducing or eliminating adverse impacts on the local and general environment and minimizing resource extraction SOCIAL ECONOMIC by reducing the budget needed for solid waste collection services, treatment, and disposal by improving economic efficiency, especially in resource extraction and use By creation of markets for the recyclables public participation in 3R activity by delivering more attractive and pleasant human settlements better social amenity, sources of employment and potentially a route out of poverty Source: Guidelines for National Waste Management Strategies - Moving from challenge to opportunities United Nations Institute for Training and Research

Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Plan Model STAKEHOLDERS Local Authorities NGOs / CBOs Service users Industries & Commercial Private informal sector Private formal sector Donor agencies WASTE SYSTEM ELEMENTS Producers & Retailers Generation & Separation Collection Transfer & Transport Treatment & Disposal Process time Sustainability Reduction Reduction Re-use Recycling Recovery ASPECTS Technical Environmental / Health Financial / Economic Socio-cultural Institutional Policy / Legal/ Political

SCPI SCPI Source: Integrated Solid Waste Management Mushtaq Ahemd MEMON International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC)

Benefits of ISWM Cleaner and safe neighbourhoods Higher resource use efficiency Resource augmentation Savings in waste management costs due to reduced levels of final waste disposal Better business opportunities and economic growth Local ownership & responsibilities / participation Source: Integrated Solid Waste Management Mushtaq Ahemd MEMON International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC)

Process to Develop ISWM 1 3 Waste Characterization & Quantification Future Trends Targets for ISWM 2 4 Prevailing Solid Waste Management System & Gaps therein Constraints & Stakeholders' Concerns Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Plan (Management System including Technical, Policy & Voluntary aspects) Source: Integrated Solid Waste Management Mushtaq Ahemd MEMON International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC)

Committees Advisory Committee Steering Committee To provide input and guidance concerning aspect related to their field of expertise An independent committee member Steering Committee To direct and monitor the ISWM planning process

Thank you for your attention The End Thank you for your attention

WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUE PLASTICS

Teras 4 dalam RMKe-11 Pengurusan sisa: satu daripada enam isu utama yang terdapat dalam TWG Biodiversiti, Pengurusan Alam Sekitar dan Perubahan Iklam kurang diberi penekanan dan sering dilihat secara berasingan dalam dokumen-dokumen Rancangan Malaysia sebelum ini. lebih menyeluruh dan bersepadu diberi penekanan dalam penyediaan kertas strategi

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