By: Walter C. Brown and Daniel P. Dorfmueller PowerPoint By: Daniel P. Dorfmueller Copyright 2005 by The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Section 4 Reading Prints

Unit 13 Residential Framing Prints Learning Objectives List the differences between heavy framing and light framing. Recognize the construction of various floor, roof, and wall framing systems. Read framing drawings. Learning Objectives are listed on page 181 of the text.

Unit 13 Residential Framing Prints Learning Objectives (continued) Explain the differences between platform, balloon, and plank-and-beam framing. Understand stair details and terms. Recognize metal framing systems.

Wood Framing Widely-used Affordable Durable Dependable Flexible construction methods Widely-known framing methods Discussed on page 182 of the text.

Wood Framing Image may be found on page 181 of the text.

Wood Framing

Floor Framing Components Sill Plates Attached to the top surface of the foundation wall. Header Nailed to the top of the sill plate. Joists Floor support beams. Subfloor Covers the joists. Typically plywood, but may sometimes be lumber. Presented on page 182 of the text.

Floor Framing Components Double Header Used when a framing pattern is disrupted, typically by an opening. Double Trimmer Two joists nailed together next to an opening. Tail Joist Runs between the double header and sill plate. Ledger A small piece of lumber nailed to the bottom edge of a double header. Discussed on pages 182 and 183 of the text.

Floor Framing Components Bridging Small member between joists to provide lateral support. Floor Framing Shown on the floor plan. 2 x 12 Joists @ 16" O.C. Presented on page 183 of the text. Joist Size Spacing

Framing a Platform Floor Illustration may be found on page 182 of the text.

Floor Framing Members Illustration may be found on page 183 of the text.

Dimensioning Exterior Walls Interior Walls Dimensions are given to the outside edge of the studs. Interior Walls Dimensions are given to the centerline of the studs. Check drawings carefully to verify the dimensioning practice used on any given set of plans. Discussed on page 183 of the text.

Framing of a Cantilevered Floor Illustration may be found on page 185 of the text.

Floor Framing Plan Illustration may be found on page 184 of the text.

Types of Wall Frames Platform Framing Also known as Western framing. The first floor is built on top of the foundation. First-floor wall sections are raised. A second-floor platform is built on top of the first-floor walls. The second-floor walls are raised. Introduced on page 185 of the text.

Platform Framing Illustration may be found on page 186 of the text.

Types of Wall Frames Balloon Framing The studs extend from the first floor sill plate to the top plate of the highest floor. Ribbons are used to support joists on the second floor. Reduces lumber shrinkage in masonry and stucco structures. Walls act as flues in spreading fire from floor to floor. Discussed on page 186 of the text.

Balloon Framing Illustration may be found on page 186 of the text.

Types of Wall Frames Plank-and-Beam Framing Heavy timber material for posts in wall sections. 2" thick plank material supporting floor and roof sections. Structural members are placed at wider intervals. Allows interesting architectural and decorative effects. Discussed on page 186 of the text.

Stud Wall Framing Illustration may be found on page 187 of the text.

Loadbearing Partitions Illustration may be found on page 188 of the text.

Wall Section Illustration may be found on page 93 of the text.

Roof Styles Illustrations may be found on page 190 of the text.

Sectional View Illustration may be found on page 189 of the text.

Roof Frames Roof Truss Rafter Ridge A prefabricated member to span the roof. Rafter Angled members supporting the roof. Typically 2 x 6, 2 x 8, or 2 x 10 members. Ridge Horizontal member at the peak of a roof. Introduced on page 188 of the text.

Roof Frames Collar Beam Rise Run A horizontal member that ties the rafters together. Rise The vertical distance between the top plate and ridge board. Run The horizontal distance from the wall supporting the bottom of the rafter to the ridge board. Presented on page 188 of the text.

Roof Frames Span Bird’s Mouth Common Rafters The distance between the walls supporting the rafters. Bird’s Mouth A cutout so the rafter fits flat on top plate of stud wall. Common Rafters Run at right angles from the wall plate to the ridge. Discussed on pages 188 and 190 of the text.

Roof Frames Hip Rafter Extends from an outside corner to the ridge board, usually at a 45º angle. Valley Rafter Extends from an inside corner to the ridge board, usually at a 45º angle. Discussed on page 190 of the text.

Roof Frames Jack Rafters Purlin Do not extend to the ridge board. Hip jacks extend from the top plate to a hip rafter. Valley jacks extend from the top plate to a valley rafter. Cripple jacks extend between valley and hip rafters. Purlin A horizontal member laid over a truss. Supports long rafters or a break in gambrel roof rafters. Discussed on page 190 of the text.

Roof Framing Plan Illustration may be found on page 190 of the text.

Roof or Truss Framing Illustration may be found on page 191 of the text.

Types of Rafters Illustration may be found on page 191 of the text.

Stair Frames Stringer Tread The angled member running between lower and upper levels. Supports the stairs. Typically 2 x 8, 2 x 10, or 2 x 12. Tread Member that forms the “step.” Tread width is the distance between front or back of adjacent stairs. Introduced on page 190 of the text.

Stair Frames Riser Run Rise Vertical member that provides change in elevation between two adjacent stairs. Run Total horizontal length of the stairway. Rise The vertical distance between floors. Presented on page 191 and 192 of the text. NOTE: There is always one more riser than the number of treads.

Identify each of the stair components indicated. Stair Section Identify each of the stair components indicated. riser ? tread ? rise ? Illustration may be found on page 192 of the text. ? stringer run ?

Stair Style Layouts Illustration may be found on page 192 of the text.

Metal Framing Illustrations may be found on page 193 of the text.

Metal Framing Illustrations may be found on page 193 of the text.

Test Your Knowledge Take 15 minutes to complete the Test Your Knowledge questions on pages 194–197 of the text.

Test Your Knowledge Answers B. It protects well against fire. D. Sill plate C. Header A. Collar beam D. a stair tread False True

Test Your Knowledge Answers A. Stringer B. Tread C. Riser A. Common rafter B. Ridge C. Hip jack D. Hip E. Cripple jack F. Valley rafter G. Valley jack H. Gable

Test Your Knowledge Answers A. Stud B. Joist C. Subfloor D. Double top plate E. Base plate F. Header G. Anchor bolt H. Sill Platform framing

Activity 13-1 Wood Framing Prints Take 20 minutes to complete Activity 13-1 on pages 198–200 of the text. Refer to large prints 13-1a through 13-1d.

Activity 13-1 Wood Framing Prints Answers Floor ¼" = 1'-0" Floor (ceiling) framing plan 1/8" = 1'-0" 4" (2) 7" deep, 15.3# PLF Plate: 2 x 6, Sill: 2 x 6 Length: 56'-0", Width: 44'-0" Size is 2 x 10. They are butted over the beam. Double joists 6'-8" x 1'-2"

Activity 13-1 Wood Framing Prints Answers One row 1 x 3 bridging in each span w/2 x 4 blocking at 32" o/c at the ends of the house. 6'-0" 25'-10" Openings: 8'-8 ¾" x 3'-4 ¼" Carriage: 2 x 12 Header: 2 x 8 Kickplate: 2 x 4 Riser: 13 @ 8" Treads: 12 @ 9"

Activity 13-1 Wood Framing Prints Answers Partial building section 2 x 4 @ 16" o/c Garage door: (2) 2 x 12 Windows: (2) 2 x 12 Front stoop: (2) 2 x 6 3 9'-0" x 7'-0" (2) 2 x 12

Activity 13-1 Wood Framing Prints Answers Sheathing: ⅜" plywood Roofing: Shake-type asphalt shingles over felt building paper. Common rafter: 2 x 6 Valley rafter: 2 x 8 Collar: 1 x 6 Ridge board: 2 x 8

Activity 13-2 Wood Framing Prints Take 20 minutes to complete Activity 13-2 on pages 201 and 202 of the text. Refer to large prints 13-2a through 13-2d.

Activity 13-2 Wood Framing Prints Answers 2 x 10 W8 x 15 2 x 8 @ 12" o/c 2 x 12 7 7/8" 2 x 6 @ 16" o/c 2 x 8 3" dia

Activity 13-2 Wood Framing Prints Answers 2 x 8 @ 12" o/c and 2 x 10 @ 16" o/c 3 – 1 ¾ x 11 ⅞" microbeam 7:12 2'-0" Shake shingles over ½" P.W SHTING

END OF UNIT 13 Residential Framing Prints