Giving Directions/Commands To a friend (tú) CORTA! COME! SIGUE!

In Spanish… When we want to tell a friend to do something we use informal (tú) commands… ¡Corta! – Cut… (Cortar) ¡Come!- Eat… (Comer) ¡Sigue!- Follow (Seguir,e>i) … 1.What looks familiar about these endings? They are the usted, él, ella endings.

What’s the “Ud” “él” “ella” form ending for =ar verbs? Verb cortar Put cortar in the Ud form= corta Corta una naranja Cut an orange!

What’s the “Ud” “él” “ella” form ending for -er verbs? Verb Comer Put comer in the Ud form= come ¡Come comida sana! Eat healthy food!

What’s the “Ud” “él” “ella” form ending for -ir verbs? Verb Pedir (e>i) Put it in the Ud form = Ud. pide ¡Pide comida sana! Ask for/order healthy food!

Affirmative Commands To give directions/commands of most verbs in the tú form, Use the Ud. form. You will never use the subject pronoun. STATEMENT COMMAND (tú) ayudas ¡Ayuda! Help! (tú) lees ¡Lee! Read! (tú) pides ¡Pide! Ask! Is the term, “subject pronoun” an everyday term or a technical term? Why are technical terms used to help you learn Spanish? Why do they help you the most in writing Spanish and the least in speaking Spanish?

Negative Commands To state the don’ts- negative (tú) commands Start with the “yo” form. Drop the “o”. For –ar verbs add –es and for –er/-ir verbs add –as. STATEMENT COMMAND (yo) ayudo (ayudar) ¡No ayudes! Don’t help! (yo) leo (leer) ¡No leas! Don’t read! (yo) pido (pedir) ¡No pidas! Don’t ask! What do you notice about the way you form negative commands and the endings that you use?

Let’s work on negative commands… Don’t help the driver! Verb ayudar Put ayudar in the yo form= ayudo Drop the “o” and add –es= ayudes ¡No ayudes el conductor!

Let’s work on negative commands… Don’t read your text messages en la clase de español! Verb leer Put leer in the yo form= leo Drop the “o” and add –as= leas ¡No leas tus mensajes en la clase de español!

Let’s work on negative commands… Don’t ask for the unhealthy food!... Verb pedir Put pedir in the yo form= pido Drop the “o” and add –as= pidas ¡No pidas la comida mala!

Verbs with spelling changes… There are several verbs that change spelling when made into negative commands to keep their sound… If the verb ends in –gar - g change to gu to keep the hard g sound, then add –es. Jugar>Juego> No juegu + es> ¡No juegues! 2. Verbs ending in –car like -c changes to a qu to keep the hard k sound, then add –es Practicar>Practicas> ¡No practiqu + es> ¡No practiques! 3. Verbs ending in –zar like -z changes to c, then add –es Empezar>Empiezo> No empiec + es> ¡No empieces!

Irregulars The following verbs have irregular tú command forms: Verb Positive Form Negative Form To put Pon No pongas (regular) To come Ven No vengas (regular) To go Ve No vayas To be Sé No seas To have Ten No tengas (regular) To do, to make Haz No hagas (regular) To leave Sal No salgas (regular) To say, to tell Di No digas (regular)

Córtalo/ Córtala = Cut it! Córtalos/ Córtalas = Cut them! Corta= Cut! Córtalo/ Córtala = Cut it! Córtalos/ Córtalas = Cut them! What technical term do we use for: lo, la, los, las? Lo/la/los/las are called (Direct Object Pronouns) DOP’s. Where do they go in a sentence with an affirmative Spanish command form? Attached to the command form. (An accent is added to the vowel in the first syllable.) NEVER BEFORE IT! Why is NEVER BEFORE IT! in bold? So you don’t get it confused with the rule about DOP’s and conjugated verbs. No cortes= Don’t cut! No lo/la cortes= Don’t cut it! No los/las cortes= Don’t cut them! Where do DOP’s go in a sentence with a negative Spanish command form? They go before the negative command form after “NO”. NEVER ATTACHED! Why is NEVER ATTACHED! in bold? So you don’t get it confused with the rule about DOP’s and infinitives and –ando/iendo/yendo verb endings

Díselo a ellos/ Disela a ellas = Tell it to them! Di= Tell! Díselo a ellos/ Disela a ellas = Tell it to them! Dímelos/ Dímelas = Tell them to me! Lo/la/los/las are DOP’s. Se/me are IOP’s (Indirect Object Pronouns). Where do they go in a sentence with an affirmative Spanish command form? The IOP (changes to se when it is le/les) and goes before the DOP. Both attach to the affirmative command form. (An accent is added to the vowel in the first syllable.) Can you put them before the affirmative command form? NO! No diga=Don’t say! No se lo digas a ellos/No se la digas a ellos. = Don’t tell it to them. No me los/ No me las digas. = Don’t tell me them! Lo/la/los/las are DOP’s. Se/me are IOP’s. Where do they go in a sentence with a negative Spanish command form? They go before the negative command form. Can you put attach them to the affirmative command form? NO!