1. Español II

2. Commands … in English The command form, or the imperative, is used to give someone commands There are two types of commands: affirmative commands, which tell someone to do something negative commands, which tell someone not to do something

3. Commands… in English There are two forms of English commands. A you command orders the listener to do something. In English, the dictionary form of the verb is used. A we command orders the listener and the speaker to do something. In English, we use the words “Let’s…”

4. Examples Eat your vegetables. Mix the salad. Cut the carrots. Let’s set the table. Notice: The subject pronoun you is missing. The lack of the subject pronoun you is a good indication that you are dealing with an imperative and not a present-tense verb.

5. In Spanish… There are various forms of commands in Spanish, such as… Nosotros commands Vosotros commands Informal commands Formal commands Plural (Uds.) commands In addition, all of these commands have an affirmative and negative form, conjugated in different ways.

6. Affirmative Informal (tú) 1. Conjugate the verb in the tú form Remember to include any stem-changes when necessary 2. Drop the –s off the word Be careful! There are numerous irregular verbs that you will simply have to memorize the forms!

7. The Irregular Affirmative Commands Tener → to have → ten Venir → to come → ven Poner → to put, place → pon Salir → to leave, go out → sal Notice: They just use the first three letters of the verb.

8. The Irregular Affirmative Commands Ir → to go → ve Ser → to be → sé Hacer → to do, make → haz Decir → to say, tell → di You will have to memorize these ones!

9. How to Memorize Irregulars Ven Di Sal Haz Ten Ve Pon Sé

10. Reflexive commands Take off the –se and the verb ending Go to the tú form Drop the -s Add a te to the end of the command. Add an accent on the third syllable from the end. Three back add an “acc”

11. Reflexive example Shower: Ducharse Take off the –se and the –ar Duch Go to the tú form Duchas Drop the –s Ducha

12. Reflexive example Add a te at the end Duchate Add an accent three syllables back Du-cha-te Dúchate

13. Negative informal (tú) 1. Conjugate the verb in the yo form Remember to include any stem-changes and irregularities when necessary 2. Drop the o off the word 3. Add the opposite vowel. 1. AR verbs use –es 2. ER and IR verbs use -as 4. Add a no.

14. Negative informal (tú) Spelling changes Verbs that end in: -car → change to –ques -gar → change to –gues -zar → change to –ces This is just to maintain a sound in Spanish.

15. Negative informal (tú) Only three irregular verbs Ir → to go → vayas Ser → to be → seas Dar → to give → des

16. Negative Reflexive Commands Take off the –se and the verb ending Form the command as above Add a te to the front of the command but after the no

17. Negative Reflexive Example Don’t put your shoes on ponerse los zapatos Take off the –se and verb ending pon los zapatos Form the command Yo form Pongo

18. Negative Reflexive Example Form the command Opposite vowel → as Pongas No pongas los zapatos Add a te to the front of the command but after the no No te pongas los zapatos