PUBLIC SPEAKING DEFINITION Speaker addresses an audience with a relatively continuous discourse Usually face to face Example; student delivering a report to class

PUBLIC SPEAKING SKILLS Social, academic, career skill Enrich ability to present self Improve confidence and self assurance Understand human motivation ability to analyze and evaluate validity Remember “all the great speakers were bad speakers at first” Emerson

DEVELOP COMMUNICATION ABILITIES Explain complex concepts clearly Organize a variety of messages for clarity and persuasiveness Develop logical, emotional & ethical appeals to support an argument Communicate credibly Improve listening & delivery skills

1. SELECT TOPIC & PURPOSE Worthwhile topic, you are interested in Interesting to audience Appropriate Brainstorm ideas Limit your topic; (don’t try & cover too much, divide topic into significant parts). Define your purpose (inform, persuade)

2. ANALYZE AUDIENCE Who are they? What do they already know? What would they want to know more about? What are their attitudes & beliefs? Where do they stand on the issues? Consider; Age, culture, gender, occupation, income, status, religion, religiousness

AUDIENCE PSYCHOLOGY Secure their attention Show respect for audience knowledge Relate topic & supporting materials to what audience needs & wants Connect your purpose to their purpose & motives Involve audience by showing them you understand their perspective

AUDIENCE PSYCHOLOGY Build on commonalities Strive for small gains Don’t talk down to audience Don’t confuse lack of knowledge with a lack of intelligence Explain any technical terms

3. FORMULATE THESIS Thesis (main idea you want to convey) Thesis is similar to purpose Guides you in selecting & organizing materials Thesis is a description Purpose is to inform Eg thesis statement Education is valuable because: It helps you get a job It increases potential to earn good salary Gives you greater job mobility Helps secure more creative work

4. RESEARCH TOPIC Research is essential Read general source Databases (info contained in one place) Internet Newspaper articles Library Journals

5. SUPPORT MAJOR PROPOSITIONS You identified thesis and major ideas & researched them Now support your major propositions with: Reasoning General principles Analogy logic

6. ORGANIZE SPEECH Organize into major parts so audience will understand & remember Time pattern Spatial pattern Topical pattern Problem-solution pattern

ORGANIZING Cause-effect/effect-cause pattern Motivated sequence Structure-function Comparison & contrast Pro’s and Con’s Claim & proof

SPEAKER ETHICS Truth; present the truth as you understand it Knowledge; responsibility to be prepared, don’t misinform Audience centered Preparation; speaker is prepared Presents facts and opinions fairly Reveals sources of facts & opinions Acknowledge & respect opposing arguments & evidence

7. HOW TO WORD YOUR SPEECH Compared with written style, oral style uses shorter, simpler words Clarity, economical, clear Vivid (imagery, metaphor) Appropriateness Avoid slang Involve audience

8. CONSTRUCT CONCLUSION & INTRODUCTION Construct conclusion first Restate thesis & its importance Post a challenge Use an intoduction; gain attention, orient the audience Transition between topics

REHEARSE & TIME SPEECH Prepare and practice thoroughly Gain experience Breathe deeply Put your apprehension in perspective

10. DELIVER SPEECH Can use; Manuscript Outline Speak loudly enough Don’t speak too fast Avoid “um” type words Look at audience

CRITICALLY EVALUATE Specific Objective Limit criticism (1-2 points) Be constructive Focus on behavior Own your own criticism Be culturally sensitive