Chapter 6, Section 3 Radical Days World History Woodridge High School September 20, 2013

Radicals Abolished the Monarchy – French losing battles to Prussians, Parisians Stormed kings’ castle Murdered his guards – “September Massacres” Citizens attacked prisons Killed nobles & priests

Radicals Abolished the Monarchy – French Republic Monarchy abolished in 1792 Republic declared Radicals took control of National Assembly; new law making body was National Convention Suffrage (right to vote) given to all males; did not have to own land Jacobins controlled Convention – Seized control of nobles’ land – Did away w/ titles

Execution of the Monarchy Louis XVI – January 1793 Marie Antoinette – October 1793

Committee of Public Safety Formed to deal with threats to France, 12 members & almost absolute power Required all citizens to contribute to war effort Young officers developed new & better battle methods – Over-ran Netherlands – Invaded Italy – Crushed peasant revolt

Robespierre Robespierre battled counter- revolutionaries within French government – Believed in general will of the people – Promoted religious toleration – Wanted to abolish slavery – As head of Comm. of Public Safety ( ) & leader of Reign of Terror Short, quick trials – 40,000 died, 15% middle class; 70% peasants & sans culottes – Guillotine used & became symbol of horror – Members of Leg. Convention turned on Comm. of Public Safety July 1794, Robespierre was arrested & executed – As a result, executions slowed down

Reaction to the Terror 3rd constitution in France since 1789 – Constitution of 1795 Five-man Directory Two-house legislature elected by male citizens with property Dominant force – Middle class – Professionals of bourgeoisie Peace with – Prussia – Spain War continued w/ – Britain – Austria Election of 1797 supporters of constitutional monarchy won most of the seats in legislature

Women & Revolution Impact Revolution had on Women & daily life – Working class women Protested & fought in street battles Led by Jeanne Roland – Olympe de Gouges Declaration of Rights of Women Demanded equal rights for women Opposed “Terror” & accused Jacobins – Women gained some rights (lost when Napoleon came to power) Divorce made easier Allowed to inherit property

Citizens, Nationalism, and Social Reforms – “Citizen” Now people of all classes Clothing became more practical (no more powdered wigs or ruffled shirts) – Nationalism (strong feeling of pride for one’s country) Spread throughout France Civic festivals w/ dances & songs “La Marseillaise” became national anthem – Social Reforms State schools Helped poor, soldiers & war widows Abolished slavery in Caribbean colonies Religious toleration Jacques Louis David – artist who painted historical events