World War I AP World History

Causes European rivalries Nationalism Militarism Alliances Competition over new markets & empires Nationalism Unification, Alsace Lorraine, Slavic issues, Balkan wars Militarism Glorification of war & military, conscription, increased size of armies and navies Alliances Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy Triple Entente – France, Russia, and Great Britain

The Spark June 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary blames Serbia Archduke Francis Ferdinand (heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne) is assassinated by a Serbian nationalist group Austria-Hungary blames Serbia Imposes severe conditions Russia supports Serbia Mobilizes forces and Germany declares war

The War Greeted with enthusiasm by many Believed it would be a six month war Alliance system dragged the entire continent into war Germany invades neutral Belgium & Britain declares war Schlieffen Plan - German plan to defeat French in six weeks & then turn and defeat the Russians Failed with the Battle of the Marne (Paris was saved)

1914-1916 Battle of Tannenberg (Poland-1914) – severe Russian defeat Western Front - stalemate Battle of Verdun (1916) Battle of Somme(1916) Gallipoli (Turkey – 1915) Allied invasion of Turkey by Australians & New Zealanders Allies withdraw in 1916 Innovations: Poison gas, submarine warfare, machine gun, airplane, tank, and trench warfare Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, & Bulgaria Allies: France, Great Britain, and Italy (had changed sides), (U.S. will join)

1917 U.S enters war Russian Revolution Public opinion had been divided Lusitania sunk in 1915 (pg. 755) Zimmerman telegram Unrestricted submarine warfare Russian Revolution Terrible hardships caused by war Soldiers & civilians suffer Bread riots in St. Petersburg Czar Nicholas II abdicates Provisional Government takes over in Russia Does not withdraw from war

Civil War in Russia Two groups vie for control of Russia Mensheviks Mensheviks & Bolsheviks Mensheviks The majority Believed in a mass led socialist revolution Bolsheviks Led by Vladimir Lenin The minority Believed in a socialist revolution led by a small group

Civil War in Russia Three year war Red Army defeats the White Army Czar & family are killed in 1918 Bolsheviks now call themselves communists Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Lenin signed to end war with Germany Lose much western territory and 1/3 of population

World War I Ends American entrance tips scales in Allies’ favor Gained industrial & human resources Was a global war Asia, Africa, & Middle East also 9 million soldiers killed 21 million soldiers wounded 13 million civilian casualties

Woodrow Wilson Proposes Fourteen Points to prevent future wars No reparations League of Nations Recognition of freedom of the seas & trade Limitations on arms Self rule End of secret alliances Just settlement of colonial claims

Treaty of Versailles (1919) Very severe on Germany – was meant to be punitive Reduced German army Banned conscription Banned manufacture of major war weapons Reduced Germany’s size Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was revoked Allied forces would occupy the Rhineland region of Germany Stripped Germany of all overseas colonies Demanded that Germany accept blame for the war & pay war reparations

Results of World War I Loss of global power for Europe Rise of the U.S. and Japan Rise of Bolshevism in Russia Increased nationalism among European colonies around the world Political and social power shifts in several nations