1. War, and the End of an Era in Europe
World War I
War, and the End of an Era in Europe

2. World War I Causes Nationalism Military alliances and planning
Colonial expansion
Arms Races
Assassination

3. Battlefronts
Western Front -600 miles from English Channel to Swiss border
Eastern Front-1100 miles from Riga to the Black Sea
Southern Front-320 miles of the Italian border
Various locations in Africa, Asia, and the world’s oceans

4. New Weapons Machine gun Airplane Poison gas Flamethrower Submarine
Tank
Heavy Artillery

5. 1914 June 28 Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
July 28 Austria declared war on Serbia
Aug. 1 Germany declared war on Russia
3rd Germany declared war on France
4th Germany invaded Belgium
Britain declared war

6. 1914 Aug. 26 Battle of Tannenberg Sept. 6-9 Battle of the Marne
Oct. 21-Nov. 17 First Battle of Ypres
Oct. 29 Ottoman Empire joins Central Powers
Dec Unofficial Christmas Truce

7. Trench Warfare No Man’s Land Barbed Wire Frontline trench
Support trench
Reserve trench
Long periods of boredom in squalid conditions
Shell Shock

8. 1915 Jan. 19 First Zeppelin raid on England April 22-25 Second Ypres
Gallipoli landings begin; end in failure on Oct. 23
May 17 Lusitania sunk
May 23 Italy joins Allies

9. Air Warfare

10. 1916 Feb. 21-Dec. 18 Battle of Verdun May 31-June 1 Battle of Jutland
July 1- Nov. 18 Battle of the Somme
July 29 Hindenburg appointed commander in chief of German forces
Sept. 15 Tanks employed on the Somme
Dec. 7 Lloyd George elected prime minister of Britain

11. Verdun

12. Jutland

13. The Somme

14. Cost of War 1916 Verdun France 550,000 Germany 434,000 The Somme
Britain 400,000
France 200,000
Germany 450,000

15. 1917 Feb. 1 Unrestricted submarine warfare resumed
Feb. 23 Germans withdraw to Hindenburg Line
March 1 Zimmermann Telegram
April 6 US joins Allies
April 29-May 20 French army mutiny

16. Russian Revolution March 12 1st Russian Revolution
March 15 Czar Nicolas II abdicated
July 31- Aug. 9 Last Russian offensive actions
Nov. 7 Bolsheviks seized power under V. I. Lenin
Dec. 15 Armistice
March 3, 1918 Treaty of Brest- Litovsk

17. 1917 June 26 First US troops arrive
July 31- Nov. 10 Third Ypres “Passchendale”

18. 1918 Jan. 8 Wilson’s 14 Points March 21 Michael Offensive
June 25 US troops capture Bellau Wood
July 15 Final German offensive of the war
July 21 US troops capture Chateau-Thierry

19. 1918 Aug. 8 British troops breakthrough on the Aisne River
Sept. 12 St. Mihiel Offensive
Sept. 26 – Nov. 11 Meuse- Argonne Offensive
Oct 30 Ottomans surrender
Nov. 3 Austrians surrender
Nov. 11 Armistice signed

20. Casualties and Costs of War
Britain
8,904,467 mobilized
908,371 deaths
2,090,212 wounded
$51,000,000,000
France
8,410,000 mobilized
1,357,800 deaths
4,266,000 wounded
$49,800,000,000
Russia
12,000,000
1,700,000 deaths
4,950,000 wounded
$25,600,000,000
United States
4,355,000 mobilized
50,585 deaths
205,690 wounded
$ 32,300,000,000

21. Casualties and Costs of War
Germany
11,000,000 mobilized
1,808, 546 deaths
4,247,143 wounded
$58,000,000,000
Austria
7,800,000 mobilized
922,500 deaths
3,620,000 wounded
$23,000,000,000
Ottoman Empire
2,850,000 mobilized
325,000 deaths
400,000 wounded
$3,400,000,000
Bulgaria
1,200,000 mobilized
75,844 deaths
152,390 wounded
$1,000,000,000

22. Casualties and Costs of War
Total Mobilization 65,038,810
Total Deaths 14,663,413
Total Wounded 21,228,813
Total Cost $281,887,000,000,000
Spanish Flu Epidemic killed an additional 20,000,000 people in

23. Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and the Treaty of Versailles
Germany lost all colonies
Alsace and Lorraine returned to France
Saar occupied for 15 years by League of Nations
Rhineland demilitarized
Poland created with corridor to the sea
German military limited to 100,000 troops with no air force, tanks, large warships, U-boats, general staff
Article 231 War Guilt Clause
War reparations of $33 billion (paid by 1987)`

24. Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and the Treaty of Versailles
Austria and Hungary seperated
Creation of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
United States never ratified treaty, nor joined League of Nations