D&T: Electronics and Control Systems Unit A511: Introduction to designing and making Name: Ismael Munir Candidate number: 9111 Centre Number: 16527

Investigation of Users’ Needs To feel safe

Questionnaire (Questions+ Explanations ) 1.Are you worried about your sheds security? Explanation: To engage the conversation 2.Have you got any shed security devices already? Explanation: To see if there is a gap in the market and if they really need my product 3.Has your shed got any valuables in it? Explanation: So I know if they need it protected 4.Have you been robbed before? Explanation: To make sure it doesn't happen again 5.Has there been a robbery in your neighbourhood recently? Explanation: To see if there is a need in your area and to protect the customer beforehand 6.Do you have insurance on your belongings? Explanation: To see if they need this product because they don’t want it stolen 7.Is your shed far away from your house? Explanation: Because it would be less likely for them to know that they have been burgled. 8.Would you buy one that was easy to use? Explanation: To see if they can install it and if there is a need for it 9.How much would you pay? a.£1-£10 b.£10-£20 c.£20+ Explanation: To see how much I could/should market it for 10.Do you live in a isolated area? Explanation: To see if the product works in isolated areas.

Questionnaire (Tally) Questions YES NO 1. ////// //// 2. /// /////// 3. //////// // 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. a./// b.//// c./// 10. This determines that I need: An easy to use setup Easily understandable instructions There is a gap in the market It needs to be loud so they can hear it from further away

Manufacturing process used The cheaper the product, the less valuable the thing it is trying to protect Product Cost Typical user When / Where used? Function Technology used (Input / Output) Manufacturing process used 4 PC PIECE DOOR WINDOW INTRUDER SECURITY ALARM £5.97 The typical user would be somebody looking to protect they’re belongings by an alarm through there window. The function would be to deter a burglar from entering your house using an alarm. Input: 4 AA batteries. Output: loud siren Assembly line Night watcher NW300 Robotic Security Light with Wireless Alarm £79.98 The typical user may be a home owner. This will be enabled at night or when away from home or on holiday. The function would be to shine a light which would effectively scare potential burglar's away. Input: Specifications Detection Method Passive Infrared Sensor Material Cast Output: Light Bulb (150 watts) Friedland Response SL1 Home and Away Wire free Burglar Alarm System £102.90 The typical user may be a house or apartment/flat owner . This will be enabled at night or when you are on Holiday or away from home. The function would tell nearby people that your house is being burgled. Input: 2 (PIR) detectors Output: 1 solar siren with LED indicators

Design brief I am going to design a product which detects when a person is intentionally breaking into a shed, then alerts the owner and those around the house if they are away.

Creativity (slide 8) Product Analysis Analyse in detail 2 products related to your project (probably 2 different types of burglar alarms, one fairly simple and one a little more complex.) Use the table on the next slide to help you organise the information. A simple system for the hotel room on holiday. A more complex system for the home.

Name and picture of product 1 Name and picture of product 2 Creativity (slide 9) Use 10 or 12 point text in this table Name and picture of product 1 Name and picture of product 2 Function User need fulfilled Materials used in construction Durability of product Sustainability (6Rs) Life cycle Energy use

In the next few slides I am suggesting and reviewing products which fall along similar lines as the product which I will hopefully create, from well known online retailers and DIY stores such as Amazon and Wickes.

Response alarm(B&Q) £15.98 Ideal for protecting your shed, garage or outbuilding features Brand: Response Colour: White Link To TV (Y/N): No Warranty/guarantee: Guarantee Warranty/guarantee details: 1 Year Manufacture part no: ML1 Category: Other CCTV & Alarms additional information Easy to install Keypad operated with 20 second entry / exit delay Pre-wired door contact Tamper protection Recording (Y/N): No

Motion Sensor Alarm/ Home/ Garage (Amazon) £7.40 Technical Details This easy to install motion sensor alarm includes 2 remote control key-rings 5m range and wall mount. The main unit requires 4 x AA batteries (not supplied) or alternatively, a 6V adaptor can be used The remote units come supplied with 3 x AG13 button cell batteries This is an ideal burglar deterrent Product Description Remote Controlled Infra Red Alarm. This cordless, movement activated alarm will alert you to intruders on your property, in the garage, outbuildings, sheds etc. The built in motion sensor detects movement up to a 6m area and will sound a loud 110dB alarm to alert you and hopefully scare off the intruder. Easy to install (fixings and mounting bracket supplied) it requires no wiring, adjusts to any angle and is simple to use. The infra red remote control will arm and disarm the system. The main unit measures a compact 5ins x 3ins x 2ins and requires 4 x AA batteries (not supplied) and the remote control requires 1 x 12v (supplied).

Friedland Mini Entry Alarm (Wickes) £9.99 Remote controlled alarm - sounds when any movement is detected in room Easy to install Mounts on wall Mounting bracket and fixings supplied

Design (slide 10) The Specification Summarise the information to produce a list of points that describe what your “product” will need to be like to solve the problem. Remember that you are only describing what the circuit will need to do to solve the problem. This list of points is the “specification” Function: What it needs to sense – inputs What it needs to do when whatever is sensed – output Include any timings if appropriate – delays etc. Include indicators etc. Power supply. Safety features. Manufacture / construction. This could best be done as a table for top marks: Specification Feature Reason for need for Feature Evidence from research for need Needs to be powered by a 9 volt battery. So that it can be portable and safe to use. All the products I’ve seen are portable My survey showed batteries are preferred.

Specification The purpose of my product is to detect when a person touches the handle of a shed, then proceeds to open the door with the intention to steal from it. This triggers the products alarm that effectively scares the burglar away. More than less people on my questionnaire would prefer this. The proposed product should detect when someone has their hand on the doors handle. This is so it prevents the burglar taking valuables from the owners shed. The proposed product should sense the person touching the door handle. This is so it notices the person trying to steal quickly and effectively. The products output should be some sort of siren. The reason for this is so that people know the shed is being burgled. The power supply for the product will be an AA 9v battery. This is because this is the safest thing to run it with. The circuit will be run on a 9v voltage. This is because this is the only way we have on the premises. The product will have an on/off switch. The reason why it has an on/off switch is because when someone tries to open their own shed, the do not want the alarm to sound. The product will not have an indicator, it will have instructions as to when it is alive. The product will be designed on circuit wizard. This is because it is an efficient way of testing how a circuit will work. The circuit will be manufactured using CAD soldering and also PCB, as these are the only available ways of manufacturing it. The way that we are going to ensure if it works is we will test it on circuit wizard, then make a sample on a PCB and solder it, then test it in a scenario to see if it works. I am taking such precautions because we need to get the circuit done first time around without fail or faults in it.

System diagram Input Process Output Delay Before Input(s) input1 combine input2 Delay after input output Sound etc. None Heat OR moisture none thyristor LED 5 dark Reed switch Monostable Buzzer 10 light AND Transistor Motor 15 PTM NOR MOSFET Dual LED 20 NAND Astable Siren

Similar circuits 1 heat sensor Circuit 15 - Heat Sensor (Transistor). As temperature increases, the LED will light at a certain degree of heat, which can be set by adjustment of variable resistor.

Similar circuits 2 Intruder Alarm Circuit 78 - Intruder alarm. In the event of either of the two sensors being activated, i.e. if a window or door is opened, the buzzer will sound and continue to do so until switched off by owner of the house.

Original idea

Developed (1)

Final circuit These are the two situations which could happen while using this circuit, when the light goes off and the buzzer comes on it means the temperature has risen to high

Other option of final circuit

Planning for testing Step Expected outcome Reaction Result Actual outcome Result Turn it on Red LED should come on Red LED comes on to show the user that it works and is on. Red LED comes on Wait until temperature rises past body heat If door opens also, alarm should be set off Alarm goes off to tell the user they are being burgled until being turned off Alarm set off Door opening detected Alarm should be set off

PCB stage 1 This is what circuit wizard originally made my PCB into, just with the copper board removed. It does exactly what it is supposed to do which is: The switch is supposed to represent a burglar gripping a doorknob creating a rise in temperature. The red LED should stay on until the temperature is increased past 31 then the buzzer should sound. I have set the temperature there because it is close enough to body temperature to be set off.

PCB stage 2 This is a slightly modified version of the first one ,as you can see the wires are straighter which will make the etching easier for the service.

PCB stage 3 This is the final version of the PCB which I am creating, I have made the circuit smaller so I can use less copper making the wire in my circuit. All the components are placed safely in a position in which I know will work. I have also changed the MOSFET to a thyristor and added a reset switch so that it can be switched off safely without having to disable the circuit. I have removed the terminals because they will not actually be there when the circuit is made.

Planning for testing (final built product) Step Expected outcome Reaction Actual outcome Result Turn it on Red LED should come on Red LED comes on to show the user that it works and is on. Wait until temperature rises past body heat If door opens also, alarm should be set off Alarm goes off to tell the user they are being burgled until being turned off Door opening detected Alarm should be set off

Planning the manufacture process Process description Equipment required Safety issues Tips for success Design PCB and mask Circuit Wizard program None Cut board to side Band saw The saw’s blade is sharp so you could cut yourself Make sure it is placed correctly Expose mask and PhotoPCB to UV light UV light, Photo PCB, Mask of my circuit Don’t look directly into UV light. Expose it to air for 10 minutes afterward Develop exposed PCB Development fluid Make sure it doesn’t splash on to you as it could be harmful. Wear the safety equipment Etch PCB Bubble etch tank, Etchant The etchant is corrosive Make sure you do not burn the circuit Drill holes Drill The drill moves fast so be careful it doesn’t scratch you. Make sure the drill bit is where you want to drill Solder chip socket Soldering equipment, Chip socket Soldering iron tip is hot so do not touch it Make sure pins are all in correctly Solder resistors Soldering equipment Solder capacitors Solder MOSFET Solder off board components Soldering equipment, wires Shrink wrap connection between off board components and wires Heat gun, heat shrink tubing The heat gun is hot Solder the tubing for a few seconds Add chip to socket chip Make sure you don’t put it in the wrong way

Bill of materials

Making the circuit

Making the circuit In this picture there is my circuit board with some of the components placed in their respective positions. There are 2 variable resistors, 2 resistors and a thyristor. The off-board components currently on there is the LED at the bottom and the switch at the top. I had to make sure that I put the black and red wires in the right way because they represent positive and negative. In this picture there is my circuit board with no components on, just after being etched. Some off the holes have been drilled bigger so that my components can fit in more comfortably. 1. 2.

Making the circuit 2 1. 2. 3. This is my LED just before it has had the shrink wraps placed on to it. I have soldered the wire to the LED and made sure I put positive and negative on the right legs. This is a wire after it has been twisted and tinned so that it can be attached to the switch. This is my switch after it has been shrink wrapped, it doesn’t matter which peg you put the wire into on the switch as long as you put one on the middle peg.

Making the circuit 3 In this picture I am shrink wrapping a switch using a heat gun. You have to be very careful whist doing so because if you are not, you could get burnt. In these pictures there is my circuit almost done with the components soldered in well 1. 2.

Making the circuit 1. 2. This my soldering of the components and the battery wire has been wrapped around the end so that it is attached properly. This is the soldering of my chip. You can see that most of the sockets have been soldered well and that one has been joined, but it is okay because there is a copper wire running through the joined sockets.

Evaluation (slide 19) Testing your circuit Show a step by step plan that can be used to test your finished circuit. Write it as if it were for a person who does not know how it is supposed to work. Tick of each step to show that the circuit works. Provide a video showing it working so that it is clear that it solves the problem. Use Blueberry Flashback Recorder). Evaluation Describe what went well and what did not go so well in the manufacture of your circuit Consider the development of the circuit and the development of the PCB Consider the actual building of the circuit Could it have been made differently? – alternatives? Could it have been made better? – how? Compare what you did to the steps of your plan See table on next slide as a suggestion.

Evaluation (slide 20) Evaluation (continued) Description of Process What went well Problems encountered/changes made Action taken to deal with problem Design PCB and create mask Cut board to size Expose Mask and photoPCB to UV Develop exposed PCB Etch PCB Drill holes in solder pads Add resistors Add capacitors Add transistors/thyristors Add Chip socket Add off board components Add chip to socket Copy the planning table and edit as required. Comments only need to be brief.

Evaluation (slide 21) Improvements In addition to describing how the circuit could have been manufactured better; Describe how the circuit could be improved to function better to solve the problem more effectively. Different inputs More inputs Different control of the outputs Different outputs