1. D&T: Electronics and Control Systems Unit A511: Introduction to designing and making Name: Ollie Claridge Candidate number: Centre Number: 16527

2. Theme: Security In my local area there has been an increasing amount of crime and people are starting to feel less safe, that’s why I'm making a security device, so I can make people feel safe. And I think a simple burglar alarm could solve this problem. This is why I have chosen the theme of security.

3. Security Theme Choice Security Safety Feeling secure Property protection Personal protection Baby food temp alarm Baby bath temp alarm Old person temp alarm Attack alarm Rape alarm Luggage protection Bath temp alarm Bike alarm Shed alarm Burglary alarm Bath water depth Flood alarm Night light Security light

4. investigate Brainstorm and investigate your users, your place and other products like your intended product. WHAT? This is used to detected vibration so it can tell you when someone is trying to brake in. WHAT? This is used to detected vibration so it can tell you when someone is trying to brake in. Burglary WHEN? The security system would be best to be used at all time so you could all ways feel safe. WHEN? The security system would be best to be used at all time so you could all ways feel safe. WHERE? I would advise to put this on a window or door as this is meant to detected someone trying to brake (a door or window) WHERE? I would advise to put this on a window or door as this is meant to detected someone trying to brake (a door or window) WHY? People would use this so they feel protected and so if anyone is trying to get in there house. WHY? People would use this so they feel protected and so if anyone is trying to get in there house. WHO? People who would use this are people who feel venerable such as old people, single parents and people who live alone. WHO? People who would use this are people who feel venerable such as old people, single parents and people who live alone.

5. Evidence Evidence that there is a need: There has been an increase in house hold burglaries In the BBC report this house has already Been burgled before and attempted Burgled by the same man non of this would of happened if they had a bugler alarm. This shows there is a desperate need of burglar alarms! That are needed more then we think.

6. Research I am going to conduct a questionnaire to find out if people would need a security system how they would like me to design and make the system for their benefit. On the next slide

7. Questionnaire Results Carry out a brief questionnaire x 12345678910 How many local burglary's have you had? 4376331245 Have you got many expensive items in your house? YES NOYES NO YES Do you own a burglary alarm? YESNOYESNO YES NO YES Do you own a house? YES NOYESNO YES Darlington pair or thyrister? DDTTTTDTTD Would you like L.E.D’S or a alarm or both? A LLALBBABL Infra red, pressure pad or both? IIPIPBBBIB Do you think you house is protected? noyes no yesnoyes Have you been burgled ? yesYes no Yes Would a power indicator be helpful. yes no yes no Key B=both T=thyrister D=Darlington Pair L=LED I=Infra red A=ALARM P=Pressure pad

8. Market Research I have analysed three different security products to identify a market trend. ProductCost Typical user When / Where used? Function Technology used (Input / Output) Manufacturing process used Shed alarm £7.99 Used every day and night on a shed Sound alarm when The shed is being Broken into. Input vibrations Injection moulded Heat alarm £24.95 Used to see if room heat changes to see if someone has broken into your house To alert someone that someone is in your house Input Heat Injection moulded Battery Powered Motion Sensor Spotlight £32.95 Used at night at places where someone would brake in. To show the burglar braking in (if there is one) Input movement Metal forming

9. My Design Brief From my research I can conclude that there is a need for a product that detects attempted entry into a home and alerts people nearby. My circuit is going to have a RED flashing LED as a power indicator as my research has suggested I have one. Also I am going to have a pressure pad as well as a infra red as my questionnaire results said so, for maximum security. For this to happen I will need to use an OR/AND gate but I have chosen to use a OR Gate so the person feels even more secure. My alarm will not be a small buzzer it shall be a siren as that is louder and will get the most attention also my other output a will be a having a non flashing red LED as if it was flashing people might get that mixed up with the power indicator.

10. Creativity (slide 8) Product Analysis Analyse in detail 2 products related to your project (probably 2 different types of burglar alarms, one fairly simple and one a little more complex.) Use the table on the next slide to help you organise the information. A simple system for the hotel room on holiday. A more complex system for the home.

11. Product comparison Window Security Safety Vibration Detector Alarm Door and Window Shock - Vibration Alarm FunctionDetects people trying to break in through a window. It detects shocks in the class or door and alerts you about it. User need fulfilled Alerting people that other people are trying to break in to there house. Alerts that someone is trying to brake in through the window or door Materials used in construction PCB, components, plastic (casing)PCB, components, plastic for the casing. Durability of product Easy to brake about 2 years of life.3 – 5 years of life. Sustainability (6Rs) This could survive a light drop on to carpet but any hard contact it would brake, not water proof. I think this would be a solid piece of equipment even though it would brake in water but I shouldn't brake if you drop it. Life cycle Energy use The energy would come from a 9V battery. This runs on a 9V battery.

12. My Specification I am making a burglar alarm and this for this security circuit I shall be using as my power source a 9V battery so this way it will be able to be moved around easier. Secondly I am going to have a red flashing LED as a power indicator so the person who has purchased the security system would feel more secure. Also I going to be having a Thyrister as that will not just go off when the input stops sensing like a transistor, with a latch(thyrister) the burglar shall have no choice but to leave before the person who owns the house comes down or calls the police. The inputs of my security system shall be two things, a pressure pad and an infra red sensor for this to happen I will need a OR/AND gate for more security I have chosen to have an OR gate, so the person feels most secure. My outputs are going to be a siren and a non flashing red LED so there is no confusion.

13. System Diagram Show a systems chart to show possible inputs, outputs and processes. Show pictures of the components required for each input or output mentioned. Do not include combining inputs and delays if not appropriate to what you are designing – although you could use the columns to show that the response is immediate. (i.e. 0 seconds.) Delay before INPUT INPUT Combin e inputs? Delay after INPUT PROCESS Delay before OUTPUT OUTPUT MosfetDark sensorMosfetResistorsiren alarm Pressure padThyristerL.E.D’S Heat sensorDarlington pairAlarm Infra red sensorTransistorFlashing LED’s Light sensor Cold sensor

14. Slide 10 – Ideas for the circuit Include 3/4 circuits that could solve the problem: – Picture of each circuit – from internet, hand drawn and scanned in or from circuit wizard. – Brief description of the circuit saying what does in terms of what it senses and how it controls its outputs. – How well it could it solve the problem? Slide 11 – Development of the chosen circuit Choose one circuit and give your reasons for choosing it. Build it in circuit wizard – Show screen shots of the circuit being developed – component values being changed to fine tune the way it works (especially in terms of timing delays etc.) – Show annotated screen shots of the circuit being tested to show that it will work and that it will solve the problem. It is important that at least three annotated stages are shown of the circuit being developed, that the screen shots show it working so that it is clear that it solves the problem. DELETE SLIDE BEFORE SUBMITING.

15. Draft Of My Circuit’s (Bush button switch = infra red sensor)This is my first circuit and I is quite simple also I do not think this would work very well as the processor is a transistor and does not have a latch which means it will go off as soon as the burglar stops sensing the movement. This is my first circuit and you can see I have used a reed switch with will detect vibration this will solve the problem by detecting someone smashing a window or breaking down a door.

16. Draft Of My Circuit’s This is my third and final circuit it has a latch (thyrister) which would be an advantage for a burglar alarm also this circuit has a power indicator which would help the user very much. I think this circuit would solve the problem best and make the user feel safer then the others with its power indicator. I have chosen to use this circuit to start with.

17. My Circuit Development This is my first stage of development. I have chosen a switch with my power source so that the batteries do not have to be removed to turn off the device. I have used a transistor because the siren needs a higher gain that the circuit could normally give. I have used a siren because a lot of the people I asked in my questionnaire wanted a siren. This is my second circuit as you see I have added a power indicator to help the user to see if thy circuit is activated. It is a flashing LED as I have found out that flashing signals catch peoples attention faster and are more associated with alarm. Also evidence from my survey suggests that it would be a popular choice to have because seven out of ten people I asked voted for the idea. I have used a thyristor because I want my circuit to latch as most similar products do and 6 people wanted a thyristor. This buzzer represents a siren. The first switch represents and infra-red sensor.

18. My Circuit Development (Page 2) This is the third stage of my circuit. I have added a logic gate, OR, with a infra red and a pressure pad so that when either are activated the buzzer will continually sound. I have also added a LED because it was a popular choice in my questionnaire. This button represents a pressure mat. This push button represents a infra red sensor.

19. My Circuit Development (Page 3) This is my final circuit before I transform it into a PCB as you can see underneath the siren (alarm) there is a push to make switch and by pressing that it resets your circuit to before the alarm was triggered as previously the circuit had to be repowered to reset.. I have put a resister between the buzzer and the LED because the LED had to much current flowing through it.

20. Lost my ‘Design (slides 12 and 13)’ slides some how I will find/complete them before the end of the week.

21. This is my PCB when it was first made from the circuit.

22. PCB 3PCB 4

23. This is my finished PCB and you can see that I have analysed it. On the next slide there will be a video of it working.

24. Video of working PCB

25. Planning for manufacture Use the table below to describe how you plan to make your circuit. Use the information and pictures of equipment on my website to help you.website Description of ProcessTools/Materials requiredTips for success Design PCB and create maskCircuit wizard 2 Cut board to sizeBand saw Expose Mask and photoPCB to UVUV light, the mask of my circuit and photo of my PCB. Develop exposed PCBDevelopment fluid. Etch PCBBubble etching tank. Drill holes in solder padsA drill. Add resistors555 timer chip and soldering equipment. Add capacitorsSoldering equipment Add transistors/thyristorsSoldering equipment Add Chip socketSoldering equipment Add off board componentsSoldering equipment Add chip to socketSoldering equipment Delete any of the processes that don’t apply

26. Making (slide 16 to 18 - approx) Manufacture of the circuit Include photographs to show the stages of the making of your circuit Annotate each picture to show what is happening. Highlight any problems that were encountered and what you did to solve the problem or anything that you changed as the circuit was constructed (i.e. what is different to what you planned. This is an important part of the mark scheme. In addition: – You must include a clear photo of the whole circuit including the off board components and the connecting wires. – You must include a clear photo of the top side of the PCB showing the components. – You must include a clear photo of the underside of the PCB showing the soldered joints. To ensure the marks for problem solving are gained it might be best if the changes mad and the problems encountered are summarised at the end of this section.

27. My Finished Circuit

28. Evaluation (slide 19) Testing your circuit Show a step by step plan that can be used to test your finished circuit. Write it as if it were for a person who does not know how it is supposed to work. Tick of each step to show that the circuit works. Evaluation Describe what went well and what did not go so well in the manufacture of your circuit – Consider the development of the circuit and the development of the PCB – Consider the actual building of the circuit Could it have been made differently? – alternatives? I do not think my circuit could have been made better apart from if it was made with a red flashing LED as other circuits have this it would be more appropriate. See table on next slide as a suggestion.

29. Evaluation Description of Process What went wellProblems encountered/changes made Action taken to deal with problem Design PCB and create mask Everything worked.Small green wires wen over the circuit which would not allow the circuit to work when made. I clicked on ‘routing options’ then selected ‘interactive routing’ which moves the copper lines to best fit. Cut board to size The board was cut to the was I designed it to. None.Nothing. Expose Mask and photoPCB to UV Develop exposed PCB Etch PCB Drill holes in solder pads Everything was good.None.Nothing. Add resistors I put all the resistor's all in the correct places. None.Nothing. Add capacitors It worked perfectly and the soldering was good None.Nothing. Add transistors/thyristors The thyrister worked first time. The thyrister I solder two parts together I used a desoldering solder sucker to separate them. Add Chip socket Most of it was perfect soldering I soldered some of the holes together. The desoldering solder sucker got rid of the solder. Add off board components All of them were fine and worked with no problems. The wires were to big for the hole with the alarm. I got a small drill piece and made the hole a bit bigger. Copy the planning table and edit as required. Comments only need to be brief.

30. Evaluation Improvements There isn’t much I could of used as my circuit does many things to help the owner feel secure but I could of bought a pressure pad instead of making one but I think that having made one works exactly the same. Describe how the circuit could be improved to function better to solve the problem more effectively. – I could of put in more inputs such as heat sensors or vibration sensors to detect someone kicking in a door or smashing a window. – I also could of put in more/better out puts such as a big light instead of an LED. – One of the most important thing about making a security circuit is to make the occupant of the house feel safe and a power indicator does that as well as drive away a thief, so I could of made mine more obvious by using a more apocopate colour then green and using red instead.