Chapter Six Study Guide

01. In a solution, the substance that is doing the dissolving is the ___.

SOLVENT

02. A solution that contains all the solute it can hold at a given temperature is ___.

SATURATED

03. Increasing the surface area of a solid ___ the rate of solution.

INCREASES

04. When a gas is dissolved in a liquid, the gas dissolves faster if the temperature of the liquid is ___.

LOWER OR COOLER

05. The concentration of a solution that contains much solute in the solvent could be described as ____.

CONCENTRATED

06. Adding more solute to a solvent ___ its freezing point.

DECREASES

07. A molecule that is positively charged on one end and negatively charged on the other end is ___.

POLAR

08. The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature is its ___.

SOLUBILITY

09. Different substances have ___ solubilities.

DIFFERENT

10. A crystal of a solute was dropped into a solution and it dissolved 10. A crystal of a solute was dropped into a solution and it dissolved. The original solution was ___.

UNSATURATED

11. A solution with a bitter taste and a slippery feel is most likely a(n) ___.

BASE

12. Decreasing temperature ___ the rate of solution for a gas in a liquid.

INCREASES

13. The dissolving of a solid in a liquid takes place at the solid’s ___.

SURFACE

14. The type of solution depends on the state of the ___.

SOLVENT

15. A solid dissolves faster when it is ground because grinding ___ surface area.

INCREASES

16. A gas dissolves in a liquid most rapidly when under ___ pressure.

HIGH OR HIGHER

17. A supersaturated solution is ___ stable than a saturated solution.

LESS

18. Organic substances that change color in the presence of an acid or base are called

INDICATORS

19. A substance that produces H+ ions in solution is a(n) ___.

ACID

20. A substance that produces OH- ions in solution is a(n) ___.

BASE

21. If a crystal of solute is dropped into a solution and other crystals appear, the solution was ___.

SUPERSATURATED

22. A compound formed in solution from the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base is a a(n) ___.

SALT

23. The terms dilute and concentrated refer to the ___ of a solution.

STRENGTH

24. A reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water is a ___ reaction.

NEUTRALIZATION

25. A substance with a pH of 2 would be classified as a ___.

STRONG ACID

26. Coffee has a pH of about 5. Coffee is slightly ___.

ACIDIC

27. Strong acids have ___ pH values than do weaker acids.

LOWER

28. On the pH scale, a solution with a pH 7 is ___.

NEUTRAL

29. Strong acids produce large numbers of ___.

H+ IONS

30. Increasing the temperature increases the ___ of a solid solute in a solvent.

SOLUBILITY

31. Adding a solute to a solvent ___ the freezing point of the solvent.

DECREASES

32. Adding a solute to a solvent ___ the boiling point of the solvent.

RAISES

33. The products of neutralization are a(n) ___ plus water.

SALT

34. Because grease is ___ it cannot be dissolved in water.

NONPOLAR

35. The dissolving of a ___ in a liquid takes place at the solid’s surface.

SURFACE

36. Stirring decreases the rate of a(n) ___ going into solution in a liquid solvent.

GAS

37. A solution is a ___ that appears uniform throughout and whose particles cannot easily be separated.

MIXTURE

38. At room temperature, a supersaturated solution would contain a ___ percent of solute than a saturated solution of the same substance.

HIGHER

39. Geologists use ___ acid (HCl) to test for the presence of carbonates in limestone.

HYDROCHLORIC

40. You are most likely to find a ___ in household cleaners.

BASE

41. ___ naturally present in food are safe to eat because they are usually weak.

ACIDS

42. The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a given ___ is its solubility.

TEMPERATURE

43. Grinding a solid solute into smaller particles increases surface area and ___ the rate at which the solute goes into solution.

SURFACE

44. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a very strong ___, is the active ingredient in some drain cleaners.

BASE

45. When 37 grams of potassium chloride (KCl) forms a solution by being added to 100 grams of water, the potassium chloride (KCl) is the ___.

SOLUTE

The last five questions are true or false.

46. Adding antifreeze to a car radiator decreases the boiling point of the water in the radiator.

FALSE

47. For acidic solutions of equal concentration, the stronger the acid, the lower the pH; for basic solutions of equal concentration, the stronger the base, the higher the pH.

TRUE

48. Concentration involves the relative amounts of solvent and solute in a solution.

TRUE

49. Common bases include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid.

FALSE

50. An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, in solution.

TRUE