The Aftermath The world is left in a mess What is going to happen to Germany? What is going to happen to Japan? What is going to happen to all the Eastern European Countries that Germany took over?
The United Nations Created to stop another world war 51 nations were represented at the first meeting. BIG 5: U.S., Russia (Now the Soviet Union), England, France, and China.
The United Nations
Potsdam Conference Stalin, Truman, and others work out a deal concerning Germany and Eastern European Countries. German will be split into four parts.
The World Post WW II Soviet Union (A.K.A. = U.S.S.R) takes control of all Eastern European countries. Forces those countries to become Communist. The World is now scared of the quick spread of Communism.
The World Post WW II The Countries Albania, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia become communist and are known as Satellite Nations. America adopts a policy of Containment. (Will cause a lot of problems later) The separation between the U.S.S.R. and the Western powers became known as “The Iron Curtain”.
The Beginning of the Cold War Truman Doctrine: “it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” The Marshall Plan: The United States will provide aid to all European nations that needed it
The Beginning of the Cold War The Soviets see this as America trying to buy away, loyal communist countries. U.S.S.R. Blocks off all access to Western Berlin Berlin Airlift
Berlin Airlift For 327 days, planes took off and landed every few minutes, around the clock. In 277,000 flights, they brought in 2.3 million tons of supplies—everything from food, fuel, and medicine. That’s 847 flights a day.
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal—joined with the United States and Canada. pledged military support to one another in case any member was attacked. In retaliation U.S.S.R. creates Warsaw Pact
Back In The U.S.A In the United States the soldiers come back and want two things:
Back In The U.S.A To get married and start a family.
The American Dream 2. To own a home Rise of the suburbs.
BABY BOOM 1946 – 1964 76 million babies born By 1954 annual births were over 4 million. What ends it?
G.I. Bill Gave war veterans: One year unemployment compensation Loans to help buy homes Loans to start businesses Money for college/vocational training This policy leads to the end of the depression.
The Korean Policing Action 1950-1953 In 1949 Mao Zedong (known as Mao) takes over China China is now communist SO WHAT? Policy of containment seems to be failing.
The Korean Policing Action
The Korean Policing Action After WW II Korea is split in half along the 38TH parallel. After China becomes communist, they help North Korea Surprise attack South Korea.
The Korean Policing Action
The Korean Policing Action America and the U.N. send troops to help South Korea General Douglass McArthur is put in command.
The Korean Policing Action McArthur quickly overtakes North Korean forces and pushes them all the way to the Yalu River (border Between China and N. Korea) China Warns America not to come any closer with troops or they will attack. Truman doesn’t want to continue. McArthur does want to keep attacking.
The Korean Policing Action China Joins the battle and pushes back American forces – Again. McArthur wants to attack China directly Truman refuses because it would start WW III Truman fires McArthur After two more years of fighting the American troops push back the Chinese troops to the 38th Parallel. A stalemate truce is declared The situation has not change yet.
The Korean Policing Conflict One piece of important technology came out of the Korean War. Homework – Watch M.A.S.H. tonight
The “RED SCARE” Soviets control all of Eastern Europe China has become communist Americans are afraid that communists are going to try and take over the world 80,000 Americans have claimed membership in the communist party.
The “RED SCARE” Congress passes the Federal Loyalty Program: Forced government employees to take loyalty oaths 91 organizations identified as “subversive” Investigated 3.2 million federal employees 212 were fired 2,900 forced to quit because they refused take part in the investigation Accused people could not see the evidence against them
The “RED SCARE” HUAC – House of Un-American Activities Committee. Investigated suspected communists throughout America Targeted the movie industry Threw 10 movie stars in jail because they refused to testify for the committee. Hollywood creates a “Black List”
The “RED SCARE” In Sept. 1949, Soviets detonated their first atomic bomb German born scientist Klaus Fuchs Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
The “RED SCARE” Senator Joseph McCarthy Was going to lose next election so…… Claimed that communists were trying to take over the government Claimed he knew of up to 200 communists in the American government. Never had any proof
The “RED SCARE” Known as “McCarthyism” Claims that there are many communists in the army. Senate hearings held on T.V. Public opinion of McCarthy changes
The “RED SCARE” Americans feel that Truman and the democratic party are not strong enough to battle communism. Dwight D. Eisenhower easily wins the next election for the republican party.
The “RED SCARE” The arms race – H-Bomb 450 times more powerful then the A- bomb dropped on Hiroshima Brinkmanship
The “RED SCARE” Eisenhower scales down the army, and builds up the air force. WHY? Secretary of State Dulles defined his policy of brinkmanship: "The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war ..." Americans are now afraid of a nuclear attack.
Brinkmanship Creation of the C.I.A. Performed covert operations in the Middle East and South America
RED SCARE Stalin dies in 1954 Nikita Khrushchev takes over. SPACE RACE
The RED SCARE Russia launches Sputnik in 1957 What is the big deal?
The RED SCARE U-2 spy plane shot down over U.S.S.R. Francis Gary Powers Huge embarrassment to U.S.A. and Eisenhower
1st paragraph: What were America’s two policies towards Communism 2nd paragraph: Discuss what is the first policy and how was it suppose to work. 3rd paragraph: Discuss what is the second policy and how was it suppose to work 4th paragraph: Discuss which policy was best and why.