Lesson 5 The Southern Colonies Topic 2

I. Maryland Sir George Calvert wanted a colony just for Catholics He died before the colony could get underway. His son, Cecil, Lord Baltimore pushed on with the project 200 colonists landed in the upper Chesapeake Bay across from VA. Land of plenty 1. fish 2. Oysters 3. crab

F. Growth of Colony Used his own money to fund the colony Appt. a governor and Council of advisers a. Assembly was elected by colonists 3. Gave land grants to those who brought over servants, women, and children 4. Margaret and Mary Brent (sisters) a. brought nine male servants b. set up two plantations with 1000 acres each 5. Margaret helped prevent a rebellion among the soldiers

G. Acceptance of other religions Welcomed Protestants and Catholics to the colony Act of Toleration (1649)-provided religious freedom for all Christians (except Jews) Set up to protect Catholics’ right to worship

II. Carolinas 1663 -8 nobles receive a land grant from the Charles II Northern Part 1. poor tobacco farmers from VA. 2. had small farms 3. 1712- North Carolina C. Southern part (1719 South Carolina) 1. Largest settlement- Charles Town (Charleston) 2. Most settlers were English who had been living in Barbados (English colony in Caribbean)

D. 1685- rice was found to grow well in the swampy lowlands of the coast Used slaves to grow it who were imported from rice growing areas of Africa Rice became Carolina’s cash crop E. Settlers in inland South Carolina grew a plant called indigo 1. plant used to make valuable blue dye

III. Georgia 1732- founded by James Oglethorpe He wanted the colony to be a place for debtors, people who owed money they could not pay back, to have a fresh start. If they got out of jail in England they had no money and no place to live. He offered to pay for their trip to America 2. Also, to protect colonies to the north from Spanish Florida

1733-Savannah was built (120 settlers) Strict laws against slavery ( later reversed to allow for growth)

IV. Growth of Slave Trade 1600’s- Africans in the colonies included free people, indentured slaves and enslaved persons 1. Had some privileges due to small numbers. Status was not clearly established B. 1700’s- Large plantations came to rely heavily on slave labor C. Slavery was part of the social and economic system in Africa 1. slave traders from Europe bought slaves in exchange for guns or products 2. As demand for cheap labor in colonies grew, Africans were brought over.

D. Slaves from Africa would be crammed tightly under the decks of the ships. E. Most died of illness or starvation (10%) F. Slave trade lasted about 300 years and caused the death of about 3 million Africans G. Slave Codes treated enslaved Africans not as humans but as property. H. The Quakers in Germantown, PA were the first group to speak out against slavery and call for its end.