Water Resources Management: concepts, tools, and applications DDr. Kurt Fedra ESS GmbH, Austria kurt@ess.co.at http://www.ess.co.at Environmental Software & Services A-2352 Gumpoldskirchen

Water Resources Management CONCEPTS: WRM problems, 2000/60/EC TOOLS: WaterWare: integrated river basin management information system APPLICATIONS: SMART; Kelantan river basin, Malaysia; Lerma-Chapala, Mexico

Resource management problems The classical problems: Not enough Too much At the wrong place At the wrong time Insufficient quality Problems of distribution of resources and use patterns (clean air, water, land, biodiversity, …) a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

Water Resources Management must be analyzed in a broad systems context: Socio-economic aspects (costs and benefits, jobs, institutions, regulations) Environmental aspects (water quality, water allocation, alternative use) Technological aspects (constraints, BAT, clean technologies, water efficiency, reuse and recycling)

A river basin perspective: Water can easily be accounted for, a mass budget approach is feasible; The hydrographic unit of the catchment or river basin provides a naturally bounded well defined system; Conservation laws (mass, energy) are used to describe dynamic water budgets.

EU Regulatory response Directive 2000/60/EC Framework for Community action in the field of water policy. (4) Waters in the Community are under increasing pressure from the continuous growth in demand for sufficient quantities of good quality water for all purposes. a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

2000/60/EC (9) It is necessary to develop and integrated Community policy on water. (11) Objectives of preserving, protecting, and improving the environment … rectified at source, polluter should pay. a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

Policy must take into account …vulnerability of aquatic ecosystems … (12) …balanced development … potential benefits and costs of action or lack of action. Policy must take into account …vulnerability of aquatic ecosystems … (27) Ultimate objective … elimination of priority hazardous substances …2455/2001/EC a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

2000/60/EC (33) Unit: river basin (same ecological, hydrological and hydrogeological system); transboundary coordination. (36) Development of water status … monitored by the Member States on a systematic and comparable basis. a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

(38) .. Use of economic instruments …may be appropriate. An economic analysis of water services based on long-term forecasts of supply and demand for water in the river basin district will be necessary … a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

…provide proper information 2000/60/EC (46) ..ensure the participation of the general public … in the establishment and updating of river basin management plans… …provide proper information (Article 14, public information and consultation) a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

2000/60/EC Articles 1- 4 define purpose, definitions, objectives, environmental objectives: Member states shall…..implement the necessary measure …shall protect and enhance ….. ????? a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

Analysis of its characteristics 2000/60/EC Article 5: Member States shall ensure for each river basin district: Analysis of its characteristics A review of impacts of human activities … An economic analysis of water use. a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

Pricing policies for efficient use. 2000/60/EC Article 9: Recovery of costs for water services (Annex III), polluter pays principle. Pricing policies for efficient use. Adequate contributions of different groups (industry, agriculture, households) a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

2000/60/EC In summary: Integrated management (P/NP, S/G, Q/Q) River-basin oriented River basin management plans, monitoring, reporting Economic analysis and instruments (efficiency) Public information and consultation a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

WaterWare (EUREKA 486) is an information and decision support system for water resources management. designed to support river-basin scale planning operational management, monitoring, water allocation, pollution control, environmental impact assessment tasks.

WATERWARE (EUREKA 486) Is designed to address the concepts and demands of 2000/60/EC (Annex III, VII) River basin oriented Integrated data management Long-term supply-demand pattern simulation and analysis incl. quality Management oriented (allocation) Use of economic criteria http://www.ess.co.at/WATERWARE/ a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

WaterWare (EUREKA 486) Object-oriented structure including Documents (XML/HTML) including web publishing GIS data, DEM, land use, soil, geology Monitoring data (real-time) Demand/supply objects (e.g., cities) Simulation Models (supply, demand, quality, economics) DSS tools, EIA expert system a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

Object-oriented structure River Basin Object: WaterWare Object-oriented structure River Basin Object: Sub-catchments Reservoirs, hydraulic structures Demand Nodes: cities, industries, irrigation areas, wetlands Monitoring stations River network (nodes, reaches) a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?

Water demand Intake recycling Production process Consumptive use (quality constraint) Production process return flow (pollution) recycling

Water demand Depends on: Production volume Production technology Recycling strategies Demand has quantitative and qualitative elements, usually involves water treatment For a given cost of water, an optimal strategy can be computed based on investment cost, discount rate, and project lifetime (NPV)

Conflicting use More than 70% of water is generally used for agriculture (irrigation); Added value per unit water used in industry is usually between 50 to 100 times higher than in agriculture; Domestic (including tourism) use of water is comparatively small, but with high quality requirements and low elasticity, seasonal variability. Environmental use (low flow, quality constraints).

Benefit and Costs Nodes are described by cost functions: Investment Operating cost (OMR) Life time of project/structure Discount rates Benefits per unit water supplied and used. Computation of NPV (net present value) for comparison of scenarios

Quality integration Demand nodes produce return flow of modified quality Flow regime results in different dilution and self-purification behaviour. Results of the WRM feed water quality models (flow, effluents) Water quality models for surface and groundwater

Application Example SMART: sustainable management of scarce water resources in the coastal regions of the Mediterranean (INDOC-MED, EU funded) Turkey Lebanon Jordan (Red Sea) Egypt Tunisia Uses 2000/60/EC framework for comparative environmental and economic evaluation http:www.ess.co.at/SMART/

Application Example The Kelantan River north-eastern peninsular Malaysia. Catchment of about 15,000 km2 Altitude difference of more than 2100 m Average runoff of about 500 m3/sec Monsoon climate. rainfall with extreme monthly values between 0 and 1750 mm in dry and wet months The main problem: reliability of water resources for the rice paddies that supply about 12 % of national production. Efficiency: low, water is free for farmers.

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WRM and 2000/60/EC In summary: Integrated management (P/NP, S/G, Q/Q) River-basin oriented River basin management plans, monitoring, reporting Economic analysis and instruments (cost efficiency) Public information and consultation IT tools to support implementation a test for he notes: are they legible and useful ? How can I read them while talking ?